“…However, the wide band gap of TiO 2 (3.2 eV for anatase) makes it only absorb the ultraviolet (UV) region in sunlight, which limits its application in photocatalysis. , Moreover, the fast recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs restricts the improvement of its photocatalytic performance. To overcome the above drawbacks, various strategies have been adopted for the construction of TiO 2 -based composites to narrow the band gap and promote the charge separation, such as metal (Ag, Au, Pt, or Pd) or nonmetal (N, S, or C) doping, − assembling the heterojunctions with other semiconductors (CdS, Ag 2 O, Cu 2 O, Bi 2 O 3 , ZnMn 2 O 4 , FeTiO 3 , LaVO 4 ) , and carbon-supported oxides (carbon black, carbon nanotubes (NTs), graphite, or graphene). − …”