Photocatalytic degradation of selected anticancer drugs and identification of their transformation products in water by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry

Removal of the anti-cancer drug methotrexate from water by advanced oxidation processes: Aerobic biodegradation and toxicity studies after treatment

“…The fragmentation pattern of both TPs originated several product ions allowing their identification and elucidation. Calza et al (2014) also observed the formation of TPs 281 and 267 during the UV/TiO 2 processes.…”

“…The product ions formed by its fragmentation pattern support this assumption. Previous studies have also reported the formation of TP 209 in the photocatalytic processes (Calza et al, 2014).…”

“…The parent compound was almost completely eliminated (%82%) after 4 min (240 s). Calza et al (2014) investigated the photo-catalytic degradation of MTX (15 mg/L) in ultrapure water using a catalyst load of 200 mg/L and a 40 Watt lamp with maximum emission at 360 nm. The authors verified a half-life of 3 min and a complete removal of MTX after 30 min irradiation.…”

Electrodegradation of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide at BDD electrode: Decomposition pathway and its kinetics

“…However, only limited information on the use of AOPs for the removal of these drugs is available. Recently, ozonolysis [18], ozonolysis combined with sonolysis [19], photochemical oxidation [20,21] and photocatalytic degradation [1,22] have been successfully applied to decompose anticancer drug in the aquatic environment. Also, the electrolysis was successfully applied as a tool for the detoxification of methotrexate in urine and the inactivation of antineoplastic in hospital wastewater.…”

“…The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment and their potential adverse effects have recently focused a lot of attention [1]. Among the various classes of pharmaceuticals, anticancer drugs are of particular environmental concern because, they are potentially mutagenic, carcinogenic and genotoxic even at low concentrations [2][3][4].…”