Photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen using titanium oxide: insights into the mechanism and preferential attack of radicals

Abstract

The degradation of ibuprofen undergoes a series of elementary reactions, generating different radicals which attack preferentially in the region of the ibuprofen with high electron density.

Fast and Efficient Piezo-Photocatalytic Mineralization of Ibuprofen by BiOBr Nanosheets under Solar Light Irradiation

“…The decarboxylation of the side chain of IBU can be attributed to the h + attack, leading to TP 1 , whereas for the formation of TP 2 a subsequent oxidation reaction was required . A radical attack (HO 2 • ) was responsible for TP 3 . Finally, the hydroxylated species (TP192) resulted from the reaction of TP 2 with • OH – .…”

“…• ) was responsible for TP 3 . 56 Finally, the hydroxylated species (TP192) resulted from the reaction of TP 2 with • OH − .…”

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…The photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen has been reported in the literature using TiO 2 , ZnO and other metal oxides. [294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305][306] Jallouli et al 294 used a TiO 2 /UV-LED system to study the photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen present in ultrapure water (UP), the secondary treated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PIWW). They observed the removal of ibuprofen below the detection limit in the case of UP and PIWW compared to municipal water.…”

Environmentally Friendly Fabrication of High-Efficient Fe-ZnO/Citric Acid-Modified Cellulose Composite and the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity in the Presence of H2O2

“…For the commercial P25 TiO 2 photocatalyst irradiated using UV LED light source, Jallouli et al [41] reported 100% degradation of IBU (60 mg•dm −3 ) within 90 min. Another commercial TiO 2 from the Vetec company allowed for 100% degradation of IBU (10 −4 mol•dm −3 ) after 10 min of UV irradiation using a mercury lamp [42]. Also, ZnO-based photocatalysts were applied for IBU degradation, but the complete degradation of IBU was not achieved [40,43].…”

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/catal12111370/s1, Table S1: Examples of a current study of the photocatalytic IBU in degradation in the presence of different materials; Figure S1: Tauc plot of (a) ZnO, (b) 0.5%Fe-ZnO and (c) 0.5%Fe-ZnO-40%CAC; Table S2: Electrical energy per order for IBU degradation in the presence of selected photocatalysts during photocatalytic process and supported with H 2 O 2 ; Figure S2: Trend of first-order linearized equation used for the calculation of kinetic parameters of selected photocatalytic processes. References [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”