Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in textile wastewater by Polyaniline composite catalyst-a review

Functional impacts of polyaniline in composite matrix of photocatalysts: an instrumental overview

“…4). 4,13,33 Polyaniline and other materials in their pure or composite form follow this trend of generating radicals upon irradiation to mineralize adsorbed dye molecules into CO 2 and H 2 O. 34…”

“…This feature is vital and suggests the kinetics and responsive rate of the fabricated photocatalyst for use under irradiation with different photon sources (UV or visible) and intensities. 5,13 The features dene the combination of optical and electronic properties of the photocatalyst, including the bandgap value, excitation rate, and electron-hole recombination rate during photocatalysis. 55,56 Most semiconductors used are affected by their high bandgap, affecting their sensitivity to photons from visible irradiation, which are required for higher performance in dye mineralization.…”

“…61,62 Also, conditions such as the categories of nanollers/semiconductors used, dispersion conditions, stirring rates and mixing ratio equally inuence the thermal, mechanical and optoelectronic contribution of polyaniline in the blend. 13,61 These functional impacts of the polymer in the fabrication process account for its extensive applications beyond photocatalysts to use in sensor fabrication based on its sensitivity to pH, while having appreciable thermal stability. Also, the resilience impact of PANI in the fabrication of lms holds great future prospects 63,64 Thus, the fabrication of composites via the blending of PANI with semiconductors causes a band shi from hypsochromic (blue) to bathochromic (red shi) (Fig.…”

“…58,74 These features enhance the signicant adsorption capacity of the catalyst when in contact with dye molecules in the effluent, establishing various bonding interactions such as van der Waals and electrostatic bonding, which facilitate dye degradation. 13,43 Also, due to the effective anchoring of the materials along the polymeric network, the leaching of the catalyst and the rate of catalyst deactivation are reduced owing to the presence of more active site in the composite blend compared to the pure semiconductor material. 13…”

“…[10][11][12] Among them, the recent emphasis on PANI is based on its incredible morphological, reactive and functional impacts upon its incorporation in the fabrication of photocatalyst composites, enhancing their spontaneous degradative activities in the photocatalysis of recalcitrant dyes, which are present in large quantities in effluents. 13 The impacts of PANI in the blend have the potential of tackling challenges of agglomeration and electron-hole recombination, which are major setbacks in photocatalysis. 9,12 Furthermore, the PANI functionally is superior to other conducting polymers due to its unique charge transport dynamics, which accounts for its high photon-sensitizing impacts, while equally enhancing the sorption activity on fabricated composites.…”