Photocatalytic and Adsorptional Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water using Nanohybrids

Abstract

Water contaminated with heavy metals is a major menace for aquatic life and human health consequently its efficient removal remains a crucial challenge for researcher. The utilization of various photocatalytic nanohybrids to synergistically photo-reduce and adsorb heavy metals is a potent strategy to combat water pollution. This book chapter give an overview of the fundamental principle of photocatalysis and various single, binary, ternary and quaternary nanohybrids employed for simultaneous photoreduction and adsorption of heavy metals with its mechanistic insight. Further, conclusion and future prospective as well as limitation of available nanohybrids were addressed. We hope that this book chapter dispenses some noticeable information to heavy metal ions removal from polluted water.

Using deep eutectic solvent dissolved low-value cotton linter based efficient magnetic adsorbents for heavy metal removal

“… 12 Therefore, adsorption is typically used to remove heavy metals or organic pollutants from industrial wastewater, while photocatalysis may be more suitable for removing emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals or personal care products. 13 …”

“…12 Therefore, adsorption is typically used to remove heavy metals or organic pollutants from industrial wastewater, while photocatalysis may be more suitable for removing emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals or personal care products. 13 Various adsorbent materials have been developed for removing heavy metals from wastewater, including inorganic substances like clay and metal oxides, organic polymers like cellulose and chitosan, carbon-based materials such as activated carbon and graphene, and porous skeleton materials such as MOFs and COFs. [14][15][16][17][18] Biomass-based adsorbents incorporating a cellulose matrix have attracted attention due to their lower cost and improved mass transfer performance.…”

Photocatalytic Gold Recovery from Industrial Gold Plating Effluent by ZnO Nanoparticles: Optimum Condition and Possible Applications

“…Upon absorption of photons with adequate photon energy, electrons in the photocatalyst will be excited from the valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB), leaving the photogenerated holes (h + ). The ensuing electrons and holes exhibit the reducing and oxidizing properties, respectively . As described by van Grieken et al, the gold-cyanide complexes ([Au­(CN) 2 ] − ) within effluent can react with the photogenerated electrons to yield a deposition of metallic gold on the surface of the utilized photocatalyst, concomitant with the release of free cyanide ions (CN – ) (eq ).…”

Removal of Aliphatic Amines by NiLa-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanostructures

“…Nowadays, one of the common modification methods is to load metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal–organic frameworks on materials, which have a good affinity for small-molecule pollutants due to abundant functional groups and metal active sites. − Studies have applied them to enhance the inhibition of disinfection byproduct formation. Lately, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a large class of inorganic layered materials, have been widely used in the fields of environment for water purification applications. − The high surface area, highly tunable interior architecture, and outstanding anion-exchange ability render LDH promising adsorbents for both inorganic and organic contaminants. , However, LDH materials prepared by the conventional methods often appear as aggregated lumps, which limits their applications.…”