“…Another common method is to produce or find photocatalysts with narrow band-gaps which can absorb visible light [6] [7] [8] [9]. From these studies, combined systems consisting of two such narrow band-gap photocatalysts (PC1/ PC2) have been devepoled, such as tungsten disulfide (WS 2 )/tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 )/bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ), and so on (Type I in scheme 1) [10] [11] after the suggestions made in the literatures as to the more efficient charge separation in the combined system of TiO 2 and cadmium sulfide (CdS), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), WO 3 , ZnO, cupper oxide (Cu 2 O), or bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) etc., resulting in the increase in the lifetime of the charge carriers and the enhancement of the activity [12] [13]. However, all these combined systems are not recommended from the viewpoint of oxidation and reduction potentials of holes and electrons, respectively, after their interparticle transfer because the oxidation power of the holes and reduction powers of the electrons become weak after the transfer (Type I in Scheme 1).…”