Photobiosynthetic Opportunity and Ability for UV-B Generated Vitamin D Synthesis in Free-Living House Geckos (<i>Hemidactylus turcicus</i>) and Texas Spiny Lizards (<i>Sceloporus olivaceous</i>)

Carman, Elliott N.; Ferguson, Gary W.; Gehrmann, William H.; Chen, Thomas; Holick, Michael F.

doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)2000[0245:poaafu]2.0.co;2

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…To our knowledge this is among the first reports quantitatively estimating natural UVB-exposure of lizards and snakes [see also Carman et al, 2000;Ferguson et al, 2005]. Based on the natural UVB exposure levels of 15 species of snakes and lizards from the southern and western U.S. and Jamaica, general recommendations of average and range of levels of exposure (irradiance) are presented for species occupying certain types of light environments (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to tissue and DNA damage, exposure of many vertebrate species, including reptiles, to UVB radiation results in positive consequences, including the endogenous production of vitamin D 3 [MacLaughlin et al, 1982;Chen et al, 1993;Holick et al, 1995;Tian et al, 1996;Laing and Fraser, 1999;Carman et al, 2000;Laing et al, 2001;Aucone et al, 2003;Ferguson et al, 2003, Acierno et al, 2006, 2008.Vitamin D 3 is the precursor of a vital hormone (1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D 3 or calcitriol) that regulates calcium-phosphorus balance and immune responses [Holick, 1999;Brames, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voluntary exposure of some western‐hemisphere snake and lizard species to ultraviolet‐B radiation in the field: how much ultraviolet‐B should a lizard or snake receive in captivity?

et al. 2009

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Studies of voluntary exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation from the sun in the field were conducted in the southern US and Jamaica for 15 species of lizards and snakes occupying various habitats. Species were sorted into four zones of UVB exposure ranging from a median UV index of 0.35 for zone 1 to 3.1 for zone 4. Guidelines for UVB exposure in captivity of these and species occupying similar light environments are presented. Data for most species were collected during mid-day during the spring breeding season, which appeared to be the time of maximum exposure. For two species of Sceloporus studied more intensively there was significant variation of exposure among times of the day and among seasons. So, all-day studies over the entire active season are necessary to fully understand the pattern of natural exposure for a particular diurnal species. Environmental and body temperature and thermoregulation as well as UVB/vitamin D photoregulation influences exposure to UVB. Regressions allowing the inter-conversion of readings among some meters with different detector sensitivities are presented. Readings of natural sunlight predict the same photobiosynthetic potential for vitamin D as the same reading from artificial sources whose wavelength distribution within the UVB band of the source is comparable to that of sunlight. Research approaches to further increase our understanding of vitamin D and UVB use and requirements for squamate reptiles in captivity are outlined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary exposure of some western‐hemisphere snake and lizard species to ultraviolet‐B radiation in the field: how much ultraviolet‐B should a lizard or snake receive in captivity?

et al. 2009

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“…However, one possible explanation is that this steroid is a precursor of vitamin D 3 . It is found in the skin, where it will transform into vitamin D 3 after exposition to sun UVB irradiation (Carman et al 2000). Vitamin D 3 is essential in calcium metabolism of lizards and other vertebrates (Fraser 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Iberian wall lizards prefer male scents that signal a better cell-mediated immune response

López

Martı́n

2005

Biol. Lett.

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In spite of the importance of chemoreception in sexual selection of lizards, only a few studies have examined the composition of chemical signals, and it is unknown whether and how chemicals provide honest information. Chemical signals might be honest if there were a tradeoff between sexual advertisement and the immune system. Here, we show that proportions of cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol in femoral secretions of male Iberian wall lizards (Podarcis hispanica) were related to their T-cell-mediated immune response. Thus, only males with a good immune system may allocate higher amounts of this chemical to signalling. Furthermore, females selected scents of males with higher proportions of cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol and lower proportions of cholesterol. Thus, females might base their mate choice on the males' quality as indicated by the composition of their chemical signals.

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“…We have maintained Malagasy Parson's chameleons (Calumma parsoni) and Cameroon mountain chameleons (Chamaeleo montium) indoors for years with low UV light exposure. In a recent study we contrasted UV/ vitamin D physiology of the nocturnal/crepuscular house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) with that of the diurnal arboreal Texas spiny lizard (Sceloporus olivaceous) [Carman et al, 2000]. While geckos had much more limited exposure to UV in the field than the spiny lizards (measured by retracing the time and locations of freeliving individuals with in vitro models), they had much greater capacity for vitamin D production upon exposure of their skins to UVB in the lab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Artificial Ultraviolet Light Exposure on Reproductive Success of the Female Panther Chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) in Captivity

et al. 2002

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Having previously documented experimentally the need for ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (290-315 nm) in the light environment of captive female panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) to ensure hatching success of their eggs, we investigated optimal UVB irradiation levels. From 1996-1998 28 hatchling female panther chameleons were raised to maturity and bred (using vitamin and mineralfortified insect diets low in vitamin D) in nine different artificial UVB light environments. Seven of the environments included long (12 hr/day) low irradiation exposures ranging from 1.7 to 22 mW/cm 2 UVB, with a corresponding conversion of provitamin D 3 to photoproducts in in vitro models of 0.18 to 1.52% in 2 hr. Two environments included short (0.5 and 1.0 hr/day), high irradiation exposures of 55 and 49 mW/cm 2 UVB, respectively, with a corresponding conversion of provitamin D 3 to photoproducts in in vitro models of 8.3% to 14.6% in the respective 0.5-and 1.0-hr time periods. Females raised with the mid-level long/low exposures (5-15 mW/cm 2 UVB; 0.52-1.32% conversion to photoproducts in in vitro models) produced viable eggs with a significantly higher percentage of hatching compared to those with the extreme (highest or lowest) long/low exposures. Those raised with the short-/high-exposure environments produced viable eggs with a generally high percentage of hatching, but success was variable. The results and techniques for light quality assessment are interpreted, with recommendations for practical application by the *Correspondence to:

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Photobiosynthetic Opportunity and Ability for UV-B Generated Vitamin D Synthesis in Free-Living House Geckos (Hemidactylus turcicus) and Texas Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus olivaceous)

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Voluntary exposure of some western‐hemisphere snake and lizard species to ultraviolet‐B radiation in the field: how much ultraviolet‐B should a lizard or snake receive in captivity?

Voluntary exposure of some western‐hemisphere snake and lizard species to ultraviolet‐B radiation in the field: how much ultraviolet‐B should a lizard or snake receive in captivity?

Female Iberian wall lizards prefer male scents that signal a better cell-mediated immune response

Effects of Artificial Ultraviolet Light Exposure on Reproductive Success of the Female Panther Chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) in Captivity

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