Photobiomodulation-Mediated Pathway Diagnostics

Abstract

Cellular pathways are ordinarily diagnosed with pathway inhibitors, related gene regulation, or°u orescent protein markers. They are also suggested to be diagnosed with pathway activation modulation of photobiomodulation (PBM) in this paper. A PBM on a biosystem function depends on whether the biosystem is in its function-speci¯c homeostasis (FSH). An FSH, a negative feedback response for the function to be performed perfectly, is maintained by its FSH-essential subfunctions and its FSH-non-essential subfunctions (FNSs). A function in its FSH or far from its FSH is called a normal or dysfunctional function. A direct PBM may self-adaptatively modulate a dysfunctional function until it is normal so that it can be used to discover the optimum pathways for an FSH to be established. An indirect PBM may self-adaptatively modulate a dysfunctional FNS of a normal function until the FNS is normal, and the normal function is then upgraded so that it can be used to discover the redundant pathways for a normal function to be upgraded.

Longevity Chance

“…Each function may be maintained by a negative feedback response which was called function-speci¯c homeostasis (FSH). 5,20,21 The quality of an FSH (Q) is called functional¯tness. A healthy individual might simultaneously have many kinds of FSH, fFSH i ; i ¼ 1; 2; .…”

“…2 He has even paid attention to PBM. 5,20,21 He has edited the only paper published in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA in 2003. 26 As the fourth author, he also published a paper in J Biol Chem in 2005.…”

“…20,21 One fully activated redundant pathway can maintain a normal function on which the exact de¯nition will be discussed in Sec. 8, and the synergitic integration of two fully activated redundant pathways can enhance the normal function.…”

“…20,21 Direct photobiomodulation (PBM) may promote the activation of a partially activated redundant pathway so that the modulated dysfunctional function may become normalized, and indirect PBM may promote the activation of the partially activated redundant pathway of one fully activated redundant pathway so that the maintained normal function may be enhanced. 20,21 Secondly, a community whose composition is sensitive and not resilient might produce process rates similar to the original community if the members of the community are functionally redundant. 22 Thirdly, redundancy is also a concept of crucial importance for understanding aging, particularly the systemic nature of aging.…”

Introduction: Special Issue on Advances in Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics — Part I

“…In addition, the PBM can also be used to diagnose pathways for a dysfunctional function or subfunction to become normal when combining with biochemical and genetic approaches. In this issue, Timon Cheng-Yi Liu et al 1 gave a review about PBMmediated pathway diagnostics.…”