Photobiomodulation and Coenzyme Q10 Treatments Attenuate Cognitive Impairment Associated With Model of Transient Global Brain Ischemia in Artificially Aged Mice

Abstract

Disturbances in mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, combined with neuroinflammation, play cardinal roles in the cognitive impairment during aging that is further exacerbated by transient cerebral ischemia. Both near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration are known to stimulate mitochondrial electron transport that potentially may reverse the effects of cerebral ischemia in aged animals. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of PBM and CoQ10, separately or in combination, improve cognition in a mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia superimposed on a model of aging. We modeled aging by 6-week administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg subcutaneous) to mice. We subsequently induced transient cerebral ischemia by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery (BCCAO). We treated the mice with PBM (810 nm transcranial laser) or CoQ10 (500 mg/kg by gavage), or both, for 2 weeks after surgery. We assessed cognitive function by the Barnes and Lashley III mazes and the What-Where-Which (WWWhich) task. PBM or CoQ10, and both, improved spatial and episodic memory in the mice. Separately and together, the treatments lowered reactive oxygen species and raised ATP and general mitochondrial activity as well as biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Neuroinflammatory responsiveness declined, as indicated by decreased iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels with the PBM and CoQ10 treatments. Collectively, the findings of this preclinical study imply that the procognitive effects of NIR PBM and CoQ10 treatments, separately or in combination, are beneficial in a model of transient global brain ischemia superimposed on a model of aging in mice.

CoenzymeQ10-Induced Activation of AMPK-YAP-OPA1 Pathway Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Improving Mitochondrial Function, Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Promoting Energy Metabolism

“…Some studies have reported that it can be improved by repeated continuous administration or changing dosage form (Hyson et al, 2010;Alessio et al, 2019). Related literatures have reported that the doses of coenzyme Q10 were used ranging from 50 to 1,800 mg/ kg in vivo and the concentrations were used ranging from 2.5 to 100 uM in vitro (Tsai et al, 2012;Wang D. et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018;Chen K. et al, 2019;Salehpour et al, 2019). The dose of coenzyme Q10 we used in the in vivo experiment is equivalent to 10 mg/kg in human after the calculation of weight conversion coefficient between human and mouse.…”

Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Has the Light Dawned?

“…As yet there have been no studies on combination therapies including PBM for AD. However preliminary animal studies suggest that tPBM would work well when combined with coenzyme Q10 [155][156][157]. There has been considerable interest in the use of coenzyme Q10 supplements in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases [158].…”

Baicalin ameliorates neuropathology in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model mice by remodeling the gut microbiota

“…We induced repeated global cerebral ischemia with the bilateral common carotid arteries method as previously described [31]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (4%, inhalation) and xylazine (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection).…”