Photobiology of Symbiodinium revisited: bio-physical and bio-optical signatures

Hennige, Sebastian; Suggett, David J.; Warner, Mark E.; McDougall, Kathleen E.; Smith, David J.

doi:10.1007/s00338-008-0444-x

Cited by 162 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The Symbiodinium genus is taxonomically diverse, with hundreds of phylotypes, or ''species,'' thought to exist across the world's oceans (Coffroth and Santos 2005). These phylotypes of Symbiodinium are able to occupy different environmental niches, most likely as a result of their substantial phylotypespecific range of physiological responses to environmental change (Hennige et al 2009) and stress Suggett et al 2008;Ragni et al 2010), as well as the generalist vs. specialist modes of specificity with their cnidarian hosts (Finney et al 2010;LaJeunesse et al 2010). Symbiodinium is, thus, an important model organism to examine genotypic-specific responses to environmental change; however, their potential sensitivity to OA is currently unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential effects of ocean acidification on growth and photosynthesis among phylotypes of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae)

Brading

Warner

Davey

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

136

144

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We investigated the effect of elevated partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) on the photosynthesis and growth of four phylotypes (ITS2 types A1, A13, A2, and B1) from the genus Symbiodinium, a diverse dinoflagellate group that is important, both free-living and in symbiosis, for the viability of cnidarians and is thus a potentially important model dinoflagellate group. The response of Symbiodinium to an elevated pCO 2 was phylotype-specific. Phylotypes A1 and B1 were largely unaffected by a doubling in pCO 2 ; in contrast, the growth rate of A13 and the photosynthetic capacity of A2 both increased by , 60%. In no case was there an effect of ocean acidification (OA) upon respiration (dark-or light-dependent) for any of the phylotypes examined. Our observations suggest that OA might preferentially select among free-living populations of Symbiodinium, with implications for future symbioses that rely on algal acquisition from the environment (i.e., horizontal transmission). Furthermore, the carbon environment within the host could differentially affect the physiology of different Symbiodinium phylotypes. The range of responses we observed also highlights that the choice of species is an important consideration in OA research and that further investigation across phylogenetic diversity, for both the direction of effect and the underlying mechanism(s) involved, is warranted.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of ocean acidification on growth and photosynthesis among phylotypes of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae)

Brading

Warner

Davey

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

136

144

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“…Indeed, significant physiological differences in thermal tolerance, photo-acclimation and response to elevated CO 2 are described for S. necroappetens, S. microadriaticum and S. pilosum Hennige et al, 2009;Brading et al, 2011;Steinke et al, 2011). For example, the study of assessing photosystem II activity and electron transport, degradation of the D1 protein, and growth, in response to elevated temperature, demonstrated that S. necroappetens was more thermo-sensitive than S. microadriaticum (see also Steinke et al, 2011).…”

Section: S Microadriaticum (A1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27; reproduced from , and may relate in part to differences between these species in their ability to acclimate, including the production of antioxidants (Steinke et al, 2011). Using both bio-optical and bio-physical analyses, Hennige et al (2009) compared the responses of S. microadriaticum, S. necroappetens Fig. 25.…”

Section: S Microadriaticum (A1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiodinium necroappetenssp. nov. (Dinophyceae): an opportunist ‘zooxanthella’ found in bleached and diseased tissues of Caribbean reef corals

LaJeunesse

Lee

Gil-Agudelo

et al. 2015

European Journal of Phycology

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We describe Symbiodinium necroappetens sp. nov. found predominantly in diseased or thermally damaged tissues in some reef corals of the Greater Caribbean. Small, albeit fixed, differences in the ribosomal DNA (ITS2 and LSU) and cytochrome b (cob) indicate that S. necroappetens is evolutionarily separate, but closely related to S. microadriaticum (members of Clade A). However, haplotype sequences of the non-coding region of the psbA minicircle are highly divergent, signifying that the degree of genetic divergence between these sibling lineages is far greater than indicated by changes in rDNA. Small morphological differences also support the delineation of this species. The Kofoidian plate formula for S. necroappetens (x-plate, EAV, 4′, 5a, 8′′, 9-11s, 21c, 6′′′, 2′′′′, PE) is generally the same as described for S. microadriaticum, except for the number of cingulum plates (21 vs 22-24), but plate shapes and configurations differ. Nuclear and mitochondrial volumes calculated from ultrastructural serial sections (published previously) also distinguish it from S. microadriaticum and S. pilosum. There are significant physiological differences in the response of S. necroappetens to high pCO 2 and thermal stress when compared with S. microadriaticum, indicating that large functional differences exist even among closely related species. This species appears to be necrotrophic rather than mutualistic. Before it was recognized as a distinct entity, reports on its ecology contributed to the supposition that members of Clade A Symbiodinium were opportunistic. Available evidence indicates that S. necroappetens exists at low environmental background levels, but may 'proliferate' selectively in artificial growth media, or emerge opportunistically in bleached coral colonies during early recovery from severe stress, or in diseased necrotic tissues, especially in colonies of the Orbicella (formerly Monstastraea) annularis complex. However, S. necroappetens fails to persist at detectable levels as populations of the typical symbiont recover. The description of this species raises awareness of the broad functional and ecological diversity exhibited by members of this large dinoflagellate genus.

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“…Symbionts acclimatised to high irradiances are characterised by high PS max and E k , with low a, but the opposite occurs for symbionts acclimatised to low-irradiance as the symbionts attempt to optimise their light capture and utilisation capability (Anthony and Hoegh-Guldberg 2003;Cooper and Ulstrup 2009). However, these parameters are influenced by variation in seawater temperature (Coles and Jokiel 1977;Warner et al 1996;Fitt et al 2001), flow regime (Nakamura et al 2005), diurnal changes in benthic irradiance (Jones and Hoegh-Guldberg 2001;Lesser and Gorbunov 2001) and symbiont genotype (Frade et al 2008;Hennige et al 2009). Thus, these factors must be accounted for when using symbiont photophysiology to infer changes in water quality.…”

Section: Symbiont Photophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioindicators of changes in water quality on coral reefs: review and recommendations for monitoring programmes

2009

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Effective environmental management requires monitoring programmes that provide specific links between changes in environmental conditions and ecosystem health. This article reviews the suitability of a range of bioindicators for use in monitoring programmes that link changes in water quality to changes in the condition of coral-reef ecosystems. From the literature, 21 candidate bioindicators were identified, whose responses to changes in water quality varied spatially and temporally; responses ranged from rapid (hours) changes within individual corals to long-term (years) changes in community composition. From this list, the most suitable bioindicators were identified by determining whether responses were (i) specific, (ii) monotonic, (iii) variable, (iv) practical and (v) ecologically relevant to management goals. For long-term monitoring programmes that aim to quantify the effects of chronic changes in water quality, 11 bioindicators were selected: symbiont photophysiology, colony brightness, tissue thickness and surface rugosity of massive corals, skeletal elemental and isotopic composition, abundance of macro-bioeroders, micro-and meiobenthic organisms such as foraminifera, coral recruitment, macroalgal cover, taxonomic richness of corals and the maximal depth of coralreef development. For short-term monitoring programmes, or environmental impact assessments that aim to quantify the effects of acute changes in water quality, a subset of seven of these bioindicators were selected, including partial mortality. Their choice will depend on the specific objectives and the timeframe available for each monitoring programme. An assessment framework is presented to assist in the selection of bioindicators to quantify the effects of changing water quality on coral-reef ecosystems.

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Photobiology of Symbiodinium revisited: bio-physical and bio-optical signatures

Cited by 162 publications

References 71 publications

Differential effects of ocean acidification on growth and photosynthesis among phylotypes of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae)

Differential effects of ocean acidification on growth and photosynthesis among phylotypes of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae)

Symbiodinium necroappetenssp. nov. (Dinophyceae): an opportunist ‘zooxanthella’ found in bleached and diseased tissues of Caribbean reef corals

Bioindicators of changes in water quality on coral reefs: review and recommendations for monitoring programmes

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