Photobiological Risk Classification of Lamps and Lamp Systems—History and Rationale

Sliney, David H.; Bergman, Rolf; O’Hagan, John

doi:10.1080/15502724.2016.1145551

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Other studies have concluded that the light levels from computer and television screens intended for indoor use and from domestic lighting 6,9,10,36 represent risk, but the Table 1. Relative blue dose from the light from light emitting diode (LED) and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) spotlights compared with the relative blue dose from a halogen spotlight driven by a current that provides a correlated colour temperature (CCT) which is the same as the warm white light emitting diode (LED) spotlight…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have concluded that the light levels from computer and television screens intended for indoor use and from domestic lighting 6,9,10,36 represent no risk, but the promotion of lenses to protect against this hazard in these circumstances and, specifically, against the light emitted by LEDs, persists. The present study confirms that the doses in typical circumstances are extremely low but also illustrates that the blue dose has not actually changed with the change to LED technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 "Blue-blocking" lenses have been marketed for protection against the blue light emitted from, in particular, computer screens. While there are high intensity sources that are of concern, the consensus is clearly that prolonged viewing of white light emitting diode (LED) backlit computer screens and light sources used for domestic and office lighting expose the retina to levels that are orders of magnitude below the damage threshold [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The Commission International de l' Éclairage (CIE) has issued a position statement that includes the following:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The blue light dose from white light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other white light sources

Dain

2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose This study was carried out to determine if light emitting diodes (LEDs) represented a special case in exposing the retina to blue light, when compared with other methods of backlighting television and computer screens and with fluorescent tube lighting. Method The spectral distribution of light from computer and television screens (cathode ray tube, plasma screen, organic LEDs, and screens backlit by cold cathode tubes and/or LEDs), domestic type spotlights (LED and fluorescent tube) and objects in the outdoor sunlit environment were measured with a telespectroradiometer. The spectral data were analysed for the proportion of blue light and luminance. The results were also presented as time to reach the occupational safety limit, without regard to the normal 10 000 s time limit by which time there is no summation of exposure. Results The amount of blue light in a source is essentially independent of the technology of the light source, but closely related to the correlated colour temperature. Conclusions Fluorescent lamps show essentially the same proportions of blue light and LEDs do not represent a special case, given the same correlated colour temperature. Blue‐blocking lenses are no more needed with LED sources than with other screen illumination methods or with fluorescent lighting. There is no evidence base on which to recommend blue‐blocking lenses for indoor applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The blue light dose from white light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other white light sources

Dain

2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…IEC 62471 is a standard series entitled "Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems". The system for classification into "risk groups", from RG0 to RG3 has many similarities to the laser safety classes, particularly for the retinal thermal regime, where both RG2 and laser Class 2 have a time base of 0.25 seconds [5,6]. The base standard is currently referred to as IEC 62471 and at the time of publication of this base standard there was no other part, i.e.…”

Section: Iec 62471 Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of laser illuminated light sources under IEC 60825-1 edition 3

Schulmeister¹,

Daem²

2017

International Laser Safety Conference

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IEC 60825-1 Edition 3 features a new subclause 4.4 which-provided that several requirements are fulfilled-permits classification of a laser illuminated light source as Class 1 under IEC 60825-1 and classification of the accessible light emission under the IEC 62471 series (Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems). The practical application of the requirements of this subclause is discussed, as well as the recent IEC Interpretation Sheet on subclause 4.4. Caveat The authors were actively involved in the development of subclause 4.4 of IEC 60825-1 Edition 3.0 as well as in the development of IEC 62471-5 Edition 1. It is emphasised that the content of these proceedings reflects the personal view of the authors and shall not be seen as official or generally accepted interpretation for the application of subclause 4.4 of IEC 60825-1.

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“…It is also important to consider eye exposures in practice . A number of studies have been published, with associated media coverage, which claim adverse effects from white‐light sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CIE position statement on the blue light hazard

2019

Color Research & Application

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CIE position statement on the blue light hazardThere have been a number of reports in the media about the risk to human health following exposure to light from sources such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), referring to the term "blue light hazard" (BLH). This term has been inaccurately used to represent the risk of actual eye damage and the influence on general well-being.The term "blue light hazard" should only be used when considering the photochemical risk to the retinal tissues of the eye (technically referred to as "photomaculopathy"), usually associated with staring into bright sources, such as the sun or welding arcs. "Blue" is included in the term because the risk of photochemical injury is wavelength-dependent, peaking in the blue part of the optical radiation spectrum around 435 to 440 nm. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has published the "blue light hazard function," a wavelength-dependent weighting function, and guideline exposure limits. 1 The CIE has standardized this function as part of the CIE S 009:2002 "Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems," now published as IEC 62471:2006/CIE S 009:2002. 2 There is no evidence in humans of any adverse health effects from occasional exposure to optical radiation at the exposure limits.Lamps, including LEDs, which emit primarily white light, will usually contain a proportion of light at wavelengths that are relevant to the assessment of the BLH. Lamps that are "cooler," or attributed to a high colour temperature, are likely to contain a higher proportion of blue light than sources that are "warmer" or of a lower colour temperature. Indeed the BLH exposure limit from incandescent and LED lamps for general lighting is similar for similar colour temperatures. Practical assessments have shown that the BLH exposure limits are not exceeded under all reasonably foreseeable use conditions. Furthermore, the exposure levels are often lower than experienced from viewing a blue sky.It is also important to consider eye exposures in practice. 3 A number of studies have been published, with associated media coverage, which claim adverse effects from white-light sources. Most of these studies have unusual conditions, including:Reprinted by permission of the International Commission on Illumination,

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Photobiological Risk Classification of Lamps and Lamp Systems—History and Rationale

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

The blue light dose from white light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other white light sources

The blue light dose from white light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other white light sources

Classification of laser illuminated light sources under IEC 60825-1 edition 3

CIE position statement on the blue light hazard

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