Photoallergy. A review

Epstein, John H.

doi:10.1001/archderm.106.5.741

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In UVA irradiated rats, covalent binding to epidermal lipids and proteins was found, but not to DNA/RNA. It is widely accepted that the photochemical binding of photoallergens, such as CPZ, to proteins is involved in the induction of photoallergic responses (Epstein, 1972;Kochevar, 197')). Photobinding of CPZ(-metabolites) to lipids could play a role in CPZ-induced phototoxicity (Schoonderwoerd and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobinding of Chlorpromazine and Its Sulfoxide in Vitro and in Vivo

Schoonderwoerd¹,

Henegouwen²,

Luijendijk³

1988

Photochem & Photobiology

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Photosensitivity as observed after chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment is enhanced in the UVA-rather than the UVB region, whereas CPZ has its absorption maximum at 305 nm. This long wavelength sensitivity has sometimes been ascribed to CPZ-sulfoxide (CPZSO) which has an absorption maximum at 340 nm. We compared the photobinding properties of CPZSO and CPZ under both in virro and in vivo conditions. With 310 and 370 nm lamps CPZSO absorbs twice as much light as CPZ but still binds less efficiently to HSA in virro. At wavelengths longer than 380 nm CPZSO does not absorb nor photobind to HSA (420 nm lamps) in contrast to CPZ.In vivo the bioavailability of CPZ and CPZSO in ears, eyes and skin of the back of Wistar rats is comparable, yet irradiation with 370 nm light caused more CPZ-photobinding in these tissues. Chlorpromazine binds relatively more compared to CPZSO, to constituents of deeper lying tissues (dermis). This corresponds with the observation that both the ratio of in virro CPZ photobinding to CPZSO photobinding, and the penetrating ability of light in the skin increase with wavelength.In the eyes, where the lens efficiently filters out light with wavelengths shorter than 370 nm, no CPZSO photobinding was observed, in contrast to CPZ; this also corresponds with the in virro experiments. Therefore it seems more likely that the observed wavelength maximum in the photosensitivity action spectrum after CPZ treatment should be attributed to the non-sulfoxidated drug rather than to the sulfoxidated compound

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobinding of Chlorpromazine and Its Sulfoxide in Vitro and in Vivo

Schoonderwoerd¹,

Henegouwen²,

Luijendijk³

1988

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…This may trigger off a cell-mediated response similar to that seen in allergic contact dermatitis with or without the necessity for further involvement of light (Willis & Khgman, 1968). The term photoallergy tends to be used in this instance (Epstein, 1972), the appearance of reaction being that of eczema (dermatitis) with or without some urticarial or erythematous elements. Some photoactive substances are able to produce both a phototoxic and a photoallergic response.…”

Section: Idiopathic Photodermatosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is that thing called light?*

Frain‐Bell

1979

Clin Exp Dermatol

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“…Induction of photoallergy is widely accepted as occurring along the following lines [ 1,2]. After the initial absorption of photoallergen by the skin, excitation by light of the appropriate wavelength gives rise to a reactive species which then binds chemically to proteins in the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of photocontact allergy

Pendlington

Barratt

1990

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisPhotocontact allergy, an acquired altered reactivity of the skin to light in the presence of a photosensitizer, has for many years been considered to be a delayed-type hypersensitivity. The response has been postulated as being mediated via the formation o f a protein-photoallergen conjugate acting as a complete antigen. The purpose of this paper is to bring together evidence at the molecular level which supports this theory of photoallergy.All photoallergens studied so far have been shown to be able to bind to proteins under the influence of ultraviolet light. Photoallergen-protein binding in most cases is non-specific; the exception, that of tetrachlorosalicylanilide (T4CS), displays a high specificity towards serum albumin.The mechanism of protein-photoallergen binding is thought to proceed via the formation of highly reactive species such as free radicals. Free radicals have now been observed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy for at least five photoallergens.Macrophage inhibition and lymphocyte transformation experiments have indicated that proteinphotoallergen conjugates act as complete antigens. Further evidence for this is provided by the observation that photoconjugates injected into guinea-pigs can induce a photoallergic response in the absence of irradiation. The response produced by T4CS-serum albumin conjugates is greater than that produced by any other combination of photoallergen and protein. The potency of the T4CS-serum albumin photoconjugate in inducing photoallergy, together with the binding specificity of T4CS, suggest that albumin may have a special role as a carrier protein in T,CS photoallergy. RCum6La base mol&ulaire de I'allergie par photocontact L'allergie par photocontact, une reaction de la peau a la lumitre en presence d'un photosensibilisateur, a ete, pendant de nombreuses annees, consideree comme une hypersensibilite retardee. Ce phenomtne semble se traduire par la formation d'un compose proteine/photoallergene agissant comme antigene. Le but de cet article est de demontrer I'evidence qui corrobore cette theorie de la photoallergie au niveau moleculaire.Tous les photoallergitnes etudies jusqu'alors se sont reveles aptes a retenir les prottines sous I'influence de la lumiere ultraviolette. Dans la plupart des cas, la retention de proteines photoallergtnes n'est pas specifique; il existe une exception cependant: celle du tetrachlorosalicylanilide (T4CS) qui presente une haute specificit6 envers le serum albumine. Le mecanisme de retention des proteines photoallergenes est sense se traduire par la formation d'especes hautement reactives telles que les radicaux libres. Les radicaux libres ont maintenant CtC observes a I'aide de spectroscopie a spin electronique pour environ cinq photoallergenes.Les experiences d'inhibition des macrophages et de transformation des lymphocytes ont montre que les proteines photoallergenes conjuguent leurs effets comme des antigenes a part entitre. Une autre evidence de ce phenomene est demontree par I'observation que des molCcules photocon...

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Photoallergy. A review

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Photobinding of Chlorpromazine and Its Sulfoxide in Vitro and in Vivo

Photobinding of Chlorpromazine and Its Sulfoxide in Vitro and in Vivo

What is that thing called light?*

Molecular basis of photocontact allergy

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