Photoallergic contact dermatitis due to benzophenone contained in swimming goggles

Abstract

Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is a delayed-type reaction that occurs when an exogenous agent contacts the skin, which is then exposed to ultraviolet (UV) and/or visible radiation. 1 We herein present the first case of PACD caused by benzophenone in swimming goggles. CASE REPORTA 66-year-old man developed a red periorbital pruritic rash that began 12 hours after wearing his new Arena Orbit 2 swimming goggles in an outdoor pool. He presented with eyelid, periorbital, and scalp erythema as well as vesicles and edema (Figure 1). We performed a patch test with the Spanish baseline series, rubber and plastics/glues series (Martitor, Barcelona, Spain), and two pieces of rubber from the eye and the scalp zones of the goggles "as is". Test series were applied on the back under occlusion for 48 hours in Curatest and readings were performed on day (D) 2, D4, and D8. Positive reactions were found to quaternium-15 1% pet. (D2, D4, and D8++), p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin 1% pet. (D8++), and benzoyl peroxide 1% pet. (D4 and D8+) F I G U R E 1 Acute eczematous reaction in the area where the swimming goggles were in skin contact following sun exposure MELÉ-NINOT ET AL. 59

The presence of benzophenone in sunscreens and cosmetics containing the organic UV filter octocrylene: A laboratory study

“…Interestingly, the authors of this particular paper also photopatch tested OCT, which, just like KP, resulted in extreme positive (+++) reactions; unsubstituted BP, which might have explained the latter reaction, was, however, not tested. In the same line, Melé‐Ninot et al 24 described a patient with photoallergic skin reactions from swimming goggles containing unsubstituted BP (as shown by chemical analyses), and who also showed a positive photopatch test reaction to BP‐10. This lead these authors to suggest that cross‐reactivity had occurred between BP‐10 and unsubstituted BP; unfortunately, in this paper, neither unsubstituted BP nor KP was tested, and OCT remained entirely negative.…”

Standard photopatch test battery? Proposal based on current epidemiology and experience in our Skin Allergy Unit

“…2 However, this has been lately unseated by benzophenone-3 or oxybenzone, an aromatic ketone that is used not only in cosmetics (eg, sunscreens and moisturizers) but also in industrial and textile products to extend their durability and reduce their photodegradation. [8][9][10] In our series, PACD to solar filters could be found, being sources of exposure quite different: textiles (Decathlon ® T-shirt), sunscreens (Delial ® SPF cream), and moisturizing creams (Bella Aurora ® SPF15). PACD due to fragrances has been classically attributed to oakmoss, among others, but is, however, scarcely reported.…”

“…Organic solar filters are the most allergenic, from which the para‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) had been classically in the past the main responsible 2 . However, this has been lately unseated by benzophenone‐3 or oxybenzone, an aromatic ketone that is used not only in cosmetics (eg, sunscreens and moisturizers) but also in industrial and textile products to extend their durability and reduce their photodegradation 8‐10 . In our series, PACD to solar filters could be found, being sources of exposure quite different: textiles (Decathlon ® T‐shirt), sunscreens (Delial ® SPF cream), and moisturizing creams (Bella Aurora ® SPF15).…”

A new case of photoallergic contact dermatitis caused by benzophenones in magazine covers

“…14 Similarly, octocrylene can be prepared industrially using unsubstituted benzophenone, thus explaining the presence of benzophenone residues in several cosmetics containing octocrylene, especially over time and when the products are exposed to high temperature. 7 Multiple cases of ACD or PACD to benzophenones have been reported, 15,16 as well as cases of contact urticaria, anaphylactoid reactions, and photo-contact urticaria. [17][18][19] A case of ACD to benzophenone present in a printing dye has been reported, 20 as well as a previous case of PACD caused by benzophenones in magazine inks.…”