Photoaffinity labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane vesicles by 5-azido-[7-3H]indole-3-acetic acid: identification of a glutathione S-transferase.

Zettl, Rolf; Schell, Jeff; Palme, Klaus

doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.689

Cited by 132 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In tobacco cell cultures, glutathione S-transferase mRNA accumulated in response to auxin treatment (Takahashi and Nagata, 1992;Droog et al, 1993). Furthermore, the binding of indole-3-acetic acid to glutathione S-transferases from Hyoscyumus muticus (Bilang et al, 1993) and Arubidopsis thaliunu (Zettl et al, 1994) has been demonstrated by photoaffinity labeling with a tritiated indole-3-acetic acid analog, suggesting that at least some glutathione S-transferases are either regulated by this phytohormone or are involved in its metabolism. Recently, two reports provided evidence for a correlation of plant glutathione S-transferases with pathogen defence : firstly, glutathione S-transferase ac-tivity has been shown to be induced by fungal elicitor in cultured french bean cells (Edwards and Dixon, 1991), and, secondly, one member of the wheat glutathione S-transferase family is specifically activated by pathogen attack or glutathione, but not by xenobiotics (Mauch and Dudler, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Pathogen‐Defence Gene prp1–1 from Potato Encodes an Auxin‐Responsive Glutathione S‐Transferase

Hahn

Strittmatter

1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

110

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Genetic studies have previously implicated the prp1 gene family in the defence of potato against infection with the late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans. Here, we show that the concentrations of PRP1 mRNA as well as protein rapidly increase in potato leaves after fungal infection and stay at high levels during an extended period of the infection cycle. After separation of subcellular components by differential centrifugation, PRP1 protein was identified in the cytosolic fraction. Expression studies with chimeric promoter/β‐glucuronidase gene constructs in transgenic potato plants provided evidence that transcription of the prp1‐1 gene, representing one member of the prp1 gene family, is at least partly responsible for the accumulation of PRP1 mRNA and protein upon fungal infection. After expression of the prp1‐1 coding sequence in Escherichia coli, the corresponding 26–kDa protein exhibited glutathione S‐transferase activity with Km values of 9.8 mM and 0.11 mM for the artificial standard substrate 1‐chloro‐2,4–dinitrobenzene and glutathione, respectively. Photoaffinity labeling of the protein with tritiated 5–azido‐indole‐3–acetic acid suggested that the phytohormone indole‐3–acetic acid or a structurally related compound serve as a regulator or substrate of the prp1‐1 encoded glutathione S–transferase. This assumption was further supported by the inhibitory effect of the phytohormone on the enzyme activity in vitro. The implications of these findings for a potential involvement of indole‐3–acetic acid in the control of defence reactions are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 95%

Pathogen‐Defence Gene prp1–1 from Potato Encodes an Auxin‐Responsive Glutathione S‐Transferase

Hahn

Strittmatter

1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

110

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“…In addition, it seems likely that GSTs may also function as a reversible ligand (Zettl et al, 1994) and it is with this function that they may play a role in hormonal regulation. The Arabidopsis GST Atpm24.1 was shown to bind to the photoaffinity analog of indole-3-acetic acid.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Genomics Approach to the Comprehensive Analysis of the Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family in Soybean and Maize

McGonigle

Keeler²,

Lau³

et al. 2000

Plant Physiology

282

264

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By BLAST searching a large expressed sequence tag database for glutathione S-transferase (GST) sequences we have identified 25 soybean (Glycine max) and 42 maize (Zea mays) clones and obtained accurate full-length GST sequences. These clones probably represent the majority of members of the GST multigene family in these species. Plant GSTs are divided according to sequence similarity into three categories: types I, II, and III. Among these GSTs only the active site serine, as well as another serine and arginine in or near the “G-site” are conserved throughout. Type III GSTs have four conserved sequence patches mapping to distinct structural features. Expression analysis reveals the distribution of GSTs in different tissues and treatments: Maize GSTI is overall the most highly expressed in maize, whereas the previously unknown GmGST 8 is most abundant in soybean. Using DNA microarray analysis we observed increased expression among the type III GSTs after inducer treatment of maize shoots, with different genes responding to different treatments. Protein activity for a subset of GSTs varied widely with seven substrates, and any GST exhibiting greater than marginal activity with chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene activity also exhibited significant activity with all other substrates, suggesting broad individual enzyme substrate specificity.

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“…The large family of GSTs (Table 1) were the first auxin-inducible genes associated with enzymic activity (Takahashi & Nagata, 1992 a). These proteins are also of interest because they have been shown to bind the photoactive auxin derivative azido-IAA (Bilang et al, 1993 ;Zettl, Schell & Palme, 1994). Even so, the role of GSTs in auxin action remains unresolved.…”

Section: Functions Of Auxin-inducible Proteins and Auxin Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from transport proteins azido-IAA has been found to label a number of other polypeptides, a superoxide dismutase (Feldwisch et al, 1994), a /?-1,3-glucanase (Macdonald, Jones & King, 1991), GSTs-both soluble (Bilang et al, 1993) and membrane-bound (Zettl et al, 1994) -and a 60 kDa protein having /?-glucosidase activity . We have already discussed GSTs and the possible significance of their role in auxin action [Section II.7(a)].…”

Section: Other Auxin Binding Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conjugates are then exported from the cytoplasm through ATPdriven pumps at the plasma membrane (animals) or the vacuole (plants: Martinoia et al, 1993). IAA is unlikely to be a substrate for this catalytic activity (Zettl et al, 1994), but in addition to the catalytic site, GSTs have a non-catalytic site to which a wide range of lipophilic compounds bind. Ligands such as steroid hormones have been shown to bind to this site on animal GSTs and it is of interest that indole-3-carbinol (an anticarcinogen) competes for steroid binding (Danger, Baldwin & LeBlanc, 1992).…”

Section: Functions Of Auxin-inducible Proteins and Auxin Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auxin action and auxin‐binding proteins

Napier

Venis

1995

New Phytologist

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SUMMARY The plant growth regulator auxin mediates an enormous range of developmental and growth responses, some of which are manifest rapidly and others manifest only after considerable lag periods. The protein that perceives auxin, the auxin receptor, has been sought by many laboratories and the search has identified a good number of candidates. However, a receptor must not only bind auxin, but also transduce the auxin stimulus into the responses we recognize. Finding evidence for this second condition has always proved very demanding. A key requisite is a convenient assay for auxin activity and preferably one involving a rapid response because this is likely to be linked directly to the perception event. For one auxin‐binding protein (ABP1) there is growing evidence that it is a functional auxin receptor. The assays used in this work have been rapid auxin‐induced changes in protoplast electrophysiology. There are many other responses induced rapidly by auxin for which a link to ABP1 has yet to be established. We have reviewed the whole range of rapid auxin‐mediated responses and by doing so we hope to have provided a comprehensive picture of the many events to which a receptor (or receptors) must connect. Against this framework we match the known properties of all putative receptors, including ABP1. Not only have we tried to identify auxin‐binding proteins unlikely to be receptors, but we also highlight the remaining gaps in our understanding of the more likely receptor candidates.

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Photoaffinity labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane vesicles by 5-azido-[7-3H]indole-3-acetic acid: identification of a glutathione S-transferase.

Cited by 132 publications

References 21 publications

Pathogen‐Defence Gene prp1–1 from Potato Encodes an Auxin‐Responsive Glutathione S‐Transferase

Pathogen‐Defence Gene prp1–1 from Potato Encodes an Auxin‐Responsive Glutathione S‐Transferase

A Genomics Approach to the Comprehensive Analysis of the Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family in Soybean and Maize

Auxin action and auxin‐binding proteins

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