“…In particular, we focus on the calculation of the mean squared displacement (MSD) as a way of quantifying nanoswimmer movement, because it is the most common method in the literature and where most misinterpretations come from. Visualization of nanoswimmers is typically performed in a literature report using an optical microscope (such as ordinary optical microscopy, 60,62-64,66,68,73,74,76,78,80-84,86,87,89,94 confocal microscopy, 58,65,75 or a specialized commercial setup such as a Nanosight 58,61,64,67,70,79,85,88,90,92 ) for nanoswimmers with 100 nm or larger dimensions. In the case of even smaller nanoswimmers, optical microscopy fails to capture their movement.…”