Photoactivated MXene Nanosheets for Integrated Bone–Soft Tissue Therapy: Effect and Potential Mechanism

Abstract

The bone defects caused by trauma are inevitably accompanied by soft tissue damage. The development of multifunctional bioactive biomaterials with integrated bone and soft tissue regeneration is necessary and needed urgently in orthopedics. In this work, we found that the photoactivated MXene (Ti3C2T x ) nanosheet showed positive effects on promoting both bone and soft tissue regeneration. We further investigated the detailed effect and potential mechanism of photoactivated MXene on tissue regeneration. Photoactivated MXene shows a good thermal effect and robust antibacterial activity to inhibit the expression of inflammation factors and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and induces the expression of pro-angiogenic factors and soft tissue wound repair. Photoactivated MXene can also regulate the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through the ERK signaling pathway by activating the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and enhancing the repair of bone tissue. This work sheds light on the development of bioactive MXene with photothermal activation as an efficient strategy for bone and soft tissue regeneration simultaneously.

Functional MXenes: Progress and Perspectives on Synthetic Strategies and Structure–Property Interplay for Next‐Generation Technologies

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 223 ] Copyright 2023, ACS. c) Schematic of ultrasonic bactericidal mechanism for BiFeO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 .…”

“…Qu et al. [ 223 ] demonstrated the photo‐activation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets for the inhibition of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using PTT (Figure 19b). Additionally, they induced the expression of pro‐angiogenic factors (VEGF and CD31) to promote soft tissue restoration.…”

“…b) Application of photo-activated Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets in bone and soft tissue regeneration. Reproduced with permission [223]. Copyright 2023, ACS.…”

A Ti3C2 MXene-integrated near-infrared-responsive multifunctional porous scaffold for infected bone defect repair

“…Because of their robust NIR light absorption capacity and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), MXenes are recognized as promising PTAs and are used widely in the researches of PTT. 21 In addition, the unique structure of MXenes endows them with high hydrophilicity, protein adsorption capacity, and good electrical conductivity, 22,23 which promote cell-matrix and intercellular interactions, indicating that MXenes have great application potential in biomedicine. For instance, many previous studies have confirmed that MXenes can promote osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells.…”

Single-Component Self-Healing Antibacterial Anti-Inflammatory Intracellular-Antioxidative Poly(itaconic acid-pluronic) Hydrogel for Rapid Repair of MRSA-Impaired Wound

“…Skin damage is one of the most common emergencies in daily life . Skin trauma will lead to the loss of its barrier defensive function . Therefore, for the sake of repairing the wound quickly and acting as a substitute for the skin to protect the internal tissues during the wound concrescence process, it is extremely requisite to employ the wound dressing.…”