Photoacoustics: a historical review

Abstract

We review the history of photoacoustics from the discovery in 1880 that modulated light produces acoustic waves to the current time, when the pulsed variant of the discovery is fast developing into a powerful biomedical imaging modality. We trace the meandering and fascinating passage of the effect along several conceptual and methodological trajectories to several variants of the method, each with its set of proposed applications. The differences in mechanisms between the intensity modulated effect and the pulsed version are described in detail. We also learn the several names given to the effect, and trace the modern-day divide in nomenclature.

Photoacoustic imaging depth comparison at 532-, 800-, and 1064-nm wavelengths: Monte Carlo simulation and experimental validation

“…Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly growing biomedical imaging technique used in various clinical and preclinical applications. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] PAI is based on photoacoustic (PA) effect, wherein ultrasound (US) signals are generated on absorption of light by an absorber. In PAI, the target samples or tissues generate US signals after being irradiated by laser pulses.…”

In vivo label‐free functional photoacoustic monitoring of ischemic reperfusion

“…Therefore, we developed a dual‐wavelength microelectromechanical system (MEMS) scanning optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM) imaging system to monitor the vascular I‐R in the tissue and image the sO 2 changes in the blood vessels in a mouse model. OR‐PAM is a hybrid imaging modality that combines optical and ultrasound imaging . It has been reported for various biomedical label‐free imaging applications .…”

Hydrogen Sulfide Detection in the Midinfrared Using a 3D-Printed Resonant Gas Cell

“…H 2 S is a very volatile water soluble gas, so the detection is typically done in the gas phase. A number of different methods for H 2 S detection have been developed and validated [4], including photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) [5].…”

“…The PAS technique is based on measuring the acoustic pressure oscillation (photoacoustic response) that is originated due to the absorption of gas molecules inside a gas cell that is illuminated with a modulated laser beam either amplitude or wavelength. Better sensitivities and limits of detection can be achieved using resonant photoacoustic cells with laser modulation frequencies tuned to a specific mode of the resonant cell [5]. Typically, the resonant component of the gas cell is metallic [5,8].…”

“…Better sensitivities and limits of detection can be achieved using resonant photoacoustic cells with laser modulation frequencies tuned to a specific mode of the resonant cell [5]. Typically, the resonant component of the gas cell is metallic [5,8]. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a PAS sensor using 3D printing to fabricate photoacoustic cells using materials resistant to H 2 S corrosion.…”