Photoacoustic spectroscopy to evaluate the penetration of sunscreens into human skin in vivo: A statistic treatment

Abstract

The penetration rates of three different sunscreens into the human skin in vivo have been investigated using photoacoustic spectroscopy. A statistic treatment of the data obtained in a group of 15 healthy volunteers with constitutively light white skin is made using a nonparametric test. The results showed the discrimination between the times of propagation of the used products, evidencing the sensitivity of this technique to evaluate the penetration of topically applied substances through human skin in vivo.

Butter cholesterol removal using different complexation methods with beta-cyclodextrin, and the contribution of photoacoustic spectroscopy to the evaluation of the complex

“…Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), although it is not yet a routine method in the pharmaceutical industry, it has been shown to be a valuable technique to evaluate the spectroscopic properties of post materials with characteristic of being a nondestructive process (Pedrochi et al, 2005;Rocha, Pedrochi, Hernandes, de Mello, & Baesso, 2007;Sehn et al, 2003). In this study, PAS was used to evaluate the cholesterol-beta-CD inclusion complex.…”

“…The PAS measurements were performed using a custom-built experimental setup, shown in Fig. 1 (Rosencwaig & Gersho, 1976;Sehn et al, 2003).…”

“…All photoacoustic spectra were obtained at a modulation frequency of 15 Hz and recorded between 180 and 400 nm. Data acquisition was done with a personal computer, and the PAS spectra were normalized with respect to the carbon black signal (Rosencwaig & Gersho, 1976;Sehn et al, 2003).…”

“…Although it is not yet a routine method, photoacoustic spectroscopy of solids (PAS) has been shown to be a valuable technique for spectroscopic investigation of solid and semisolid matter. When chopped light impinges on a solid in an enclosed cell, an acoustic signal is produced within the cell, and this effect is the basis of the PAS technique (Rosencwaig & Gersho, 1976;Sehn et al, 2003).…”

Evidence of Deep Percutaneous Penetration Associated with Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Topically Applied Helicteres gardneriana Extract: A Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Study

“…Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) has already been shown to be a valuable tool to measure the penetration and distribution of substances through skin in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo (10)(11)(12)(16)(17)(18). The usefulness of PAS in dermatological research has been previously demonstrated in several studies of our group (10)(11)(12)17).…”