Photo, thermal and chemical degradation of riboflavin

Abstract

SummaryRiboflavin (RF), also known as vitamin B2, belongs to the class of water-soluble vitamins and is widely present in a variety of food products. It is sensitive to light and high temperature, and therefore, needs a consideration of these factors for its stability in food products and pharmaceutical preparations. A number of other factors have also been identified that affect the stability of RF. These factors include radiation source, its intensity and wavelength, pH, presence of oxygen, buffer concentration and ionic strength, solvent polarity and viscosity, and use of stabilizers and complexing agents. A detailed review of the literature in this field has been made and all those factors that affect the photo, thermal and chemical degradation of RF have been discussed. RF undergoes degradation through several mechanisms and an understanding of the mode of photo- and thermal degradation of RF may help in the stabilization of the vitamin. A general scheme for the photodegradation of RF is presented.

Comparison of cheese and paneer whey for production of a functional pineapple beverage: Nutraceutical properties and Shelf life

“…However, greater shift of 'a' towards negative values and b towards positive values was seen in W 1 B than in W 2 B and can be attributed to greater content of riboflavin in cheese whey. Greenish yellow tinge of whey is due to riboflavin that is susceptible to degradation by heat in the pH range of 1.3-6.5 that can further increase by various factors such as presence of mineral nutrients present in the beverage (Sheraz et al 2014). Hence, higher amounts of riboflavin in cheese whey can be a possible reason for greater color change (−ive values of a/+ive values of b) due to blending in W 1 B than W 2 B.…”

Solvent Effect on the Photolysis of Riboflavin

“…The photochemistry of RF has widely been studied by several workers, and the various modes of its photodegradation reactions (i.e., intramolecular and intermolecular photoreduction, photodealkylation, and photoaddition) have been discussed (7,9,13,20,26,27,51). The pathway of RF degradation in organic solvents appears to be similar to that of the aqueous solution involving intramolecular photoreduction followed by side-chain cleavage (13).…”

“…Solvents may alter the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions (1,15,38,44,46,51) and thus play a significant role in the stabilization of pharmaceutical products (21). Pharmaceutical formulations of ionizable compounds such as RF may be stabilized by an alteration in the solvent characteristics.…”

“…Studies on the photolysis of formylmethylflavin (FMF), a major intermediate in the photolysis sequence of the RF, in organic solvents have been conducted (7,9). Solvent effects on flavin electron transfer reactions have been found to be significant (12,51). The present work involves a detailed study of the kinetics of photolysis of RF in a wide range of organic solvents using specific multicomponent spectrometric method for the assay of RF and photoproducts (10,13,52) and to develop correlations between the kinetic data and solvent parameters such as dielectric constant and viscosity.…”

The Effects of Vitamin B in Depression

“…Due to its ability to play a role in both one and two electron transfer processes, deficiency of this vitamin manifests first within tissues of rapid cellular turnover such as skin and epithelium, causing inflammation of membranes of mouth skin eyes and gastrointestinal tract [72] (Table 3). Riboflavin is widely distributed in foods and is sensitive to high temperatures and light [81]. Non-covalently bonded riboflavin includes FMN (Flavin mononucleotide), FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) and free riboflavin, which is well absorbed within tissues.…”