Photo-Oxidation of Unsaturated Lipids in Cucumis Leaf Discs During Chilling

Hasselt, Philip R. van

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1974.tb00932.x

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The increased level of damage observed when cucumber seedlings are chilled in light instead of dark is consistent with previously reported results with cucumber leaf discs. Van Hasselt (19) demonstrated that chilling in light caused more damage than chilling in dark and in subsequent reports (6,20) indicated that injury was due to photo-oxidative degradation of leaf pigments, lipids, and fatty acids. Garber (4) also found that cucumber cotyledon discs were more severely damaged by chilling in light than in dark, resulting in loss of photosynthetic activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilling Sensitivity of Cucumber Cotyledon Protoplasts and Seedlings

Mk¹,

Jb²

1987

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilling Sensitivity of Cucumber Cotyledon Protoplasts and Seedlings

Mk¹,

Jb²

1987

Plant Physiol.

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“…Earlier, we gave evidence (17) (Table II). It has been shown (28) that polyunsaturated lipids are very susceptible to photooxidation, when photosynthesis of chilling-sensitive plants has been largely inhibited by temperature below the phase-transition temperature. The correlation between the PSII activity and the unsaturation level was less clear (r = 0.60; data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonally Induced Changes in Acyl Lipids and Fatty Acids of Chloroplast Thylakoids of Pinus silvestris

Öquist¹

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Current-year needles were sampled regularly from an approximately 20-year-old natural stand of Pinus silvestris. Chloroplast thylakoids were isolated. The electron transport capacities of photosystem II + photosystem I, as well as of the partial photoreactions, were measured. The amounts and the fatty acid compositions of monogalactosyldiglyceride, digalactosyldiglyceride, and sulfolipid of the thylakoids were analyzed. The fatty acid composition of the phospholipids (total) was also determined.There was a 2-fold increase in the content of the galactolipids and the sulfolipid in the thylakoid preparations during the autumn. Except for monogalactosyldiglyceride that decreased in content during early winter, the content of the other two lipids remained high during the winter, unti spring when their content fell toward a low summer level. The ratio of monogalactosyldiglyceride to digalactosyldiglyceride was lower in thylakoids isolated from frosthardened (autumn, winter) than in those isolated from unhardened (summer) needles.Only monogalactosyldiglyceride showed pronounced and significant seasonal variations in the molar ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. It was low in the winter, and it increased strongly during the spring. The highest ratio was observed in September, prior to the first night frosts, after which a steady decrease toward the low winter value occurred. This decrease is thought to be a reflection of membrane damages (photooxidation of membrane components, including polyunsaturated fatty acids), as earlier seen reflected in chlorophyll destruction, electron transport inhibition, and structural changes.There was very good correlation between the seasonal variations in the capacity for electron transport from water to NADP and the level of unsaturation of monogalactosyldiglyceride (r = 0.93). It has been shown earlier that the winter inhibition of electron transport preferentially occurs at the lipophilic electron transport carrier plastoquinone and that the free miscibility of plastoquinone and monogalactosyldiglyceride is prevented in saturated monogalactosyldiglyceride. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the decreased level of unsaturation of monogalactosyldiglyceride reduces the mobility of plastoquinone in the thylakoids, resulting in an inhibition of the electron transport by way of plastoquinone.We have published a series of papers on climatically induced changes of the function and organization of the chloroplast thylakoids of Pinus silvestris. The studies recently have been reviewed (17). Prolonged exposure of conifers to near-and sub-zero temperatures causes a well-known depression of the rate of net ' Supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. photosynthesis (22). Studies of pine seedlings exposed to artificial frosthardening (photoperiod, 8 h; 3°C) followed by winter stress in light at sub-zero temperature (photoperiod, 8 h; -5°C) showed that the decay and final winter inhibition of net photosynthesis was paralleled with an inhibition of the photosynthet...

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“…In addition to chlorosis (24), other symptoms of chilling injury in the light include the rapid appearance ofphotosynthetic dysfunction (9,19,20,23,28), altered chloroplast ultrastructure (22,27,31), and cellular lipid degradation (5,26 70% of the PAR entering the leaf mesophyll layer (11) and are oxygenic. In addition, lipid peroxidation in thylakoids is an everpresent problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chilling-Enhanced Photooxidation

Wise¹,

Naylor²

1987

Plant Physiol.

253

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Chilling-induced photooxidation was studied in detached leaves of chilling-sensitive (CS) cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and chilling resistant (CR) pea (Pisum satirum L.). The rates of photosynthesis and respiration, measured as 02 exchange, were found to be comparable in the two species over a temperature range of 5 to 35°C. Chilling at 5°C for 12 hours in high light (1000 microeinsteins per square meter per second) decreased CO2 uptake 75% in detached pea leaves whereas CO2 uptake by cucumber was reduced to zero within 2 hours. Respiration was unaffected in either species by the chilling and light treatment. Although ultrastructural alterations were apparent in chloroplasts of both species, cucumber's were affected sooner and more severely. The mechanism of photooxidative lipid peroxidation was investigated by following the production of ethane gas under a variety of conditions. Maximum ethane production occurred in the CS cucumber at low temperature (5°C) and high light (1000 microeinsteins per square meter per second). Atrazine, an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, almost completely halted this chilling-and light-induced ethane production. These data, taken with those reported in an accompanying article (RR Wise, AW Naylor 1986 Plant Physiol 83: 278-282) suggest that the superoxide anion radical is generated in cucumber chloroplasts (probably via a Mehler-type reaction) during chilling-enhanced photooxidation. Parallel experiments were conducted on pea, a CR species. Detached pea leaves could only be made to generate ethane in the cold and light if they were pretreated with the herbicide parquat, a known effector ofO2 production. Even so, pea showed no lipid peroxidation for 6 hours, at which time ethane production began and was at a rate equal to that for the chilled and irradiated cucumber leaves. The results indicate that pea has an endogenous mechanism(s) for the removal of toxic oxygen species prior to lipid peroxidation. This mechanism breaks down in pea after 6 hours in the cold, light, and the presence of paraquat.Low temperatures and high light can cause photooxidation (a light-and oxygen-dependent bleaching [18]) in the leaves of chilling-sensitive plants (24,30). In addition to chlorosis (24), other symptoms of chilling injury in the light include the rapid appearance ofphotosynthetic dysfunction (9,19,20,23,28), altered chloroplast ultrastructure (22,27,31), and cellular lipid degradation (5, 26).It is reasonable to assume that chloroplasts are a primary site for photooxidative injury because these organelles absorb roughly '

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Photo-Oxidation of Unsaturated Lipids in Cucumis Leaf Discs During Chilling

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Chilling Sensitivity of Cucumber Cotyledon Protoplasts and Seedlings

Chilling Sensitivity of Cucumber Cotyledon Protoplasts and Seedlings

Seasonally Induced Changes in Acyl Lipids and Fatty Acids of Chloroplast Thylakoids of Pinus silvestris

Chilling-Enhanced Photooxidation

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