Photo-Oxidation of Hydrogenated Fullerene (Fullerane) in Water

Abstract

Hydrogenated fullerenes (termed fulleranes) have been demonstrated to be key material components in advanced hydrogen storage and lithium battery technologies, among other applications; however, their potential environmental reactivity has not been evaluated to date. Here, for the first time, photoinduced oxidation and corresponding dissolution of solid fulleranes (C 60 H x , where x = 39.9−45.5) into water are demonstrated to occur rapidly under attenuated sunlight, UV-A irradiation, and even dark conditions, albeit more slowly as long as oxygen is present. Through a series of batch experiments, reaction kinetics demonstrate that both light and oxygen play critical roles in the solvation process as reaction rates were a function of both irradiation intensity and wavelength along with dissolved oxygen concentration. Resulting products, which were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet−visible spectroscopy, total organic carbon analysis, and dynamic light scattering, showed significant loss of hydrogenation and extensive oxygen-based functional group addition(s). Hydroxyl radical was identified as one of the major reactive oxygen species involved in the reaction. The increased hydrophilicity of product materials was quantified through classic octanol−water partition experiments (K ow ).

The role of functionalization on the colloidal stability of aqueous fullerene C60 dispersions prepared with fullerides

“…More importantly, sample 2c has a distinct profile differing from the other two, with intense and broad absorption bands at 1000, 1363, 1608, and 3150 cm -1 , which are attributed to C-OH bending, and C-O, C=O and O-H stretching respectively. [21,41] This different spectral profile indicates that residue materials of 2c has a higher content of oxidized fullerene species, fullerenols, than the the residue material of sample 1c. Elemental analysis showed 88.0 % and 56.7 % of carbon and 5.7 % and 20.1 % of oxygen for the residue materials of 1c and 2c respectively, corroborating the IR results for a higher degree of functionalization for sample 2c.…”

Toxicity of Pristine and Chemically Functionalized Fullerenes to White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

“…Thus, the release of dispersible fullerene into the environment deserves more attention. However, the biotransformation of fullerene in the environment is inevitable and could be oxidized into dispersible formulations, in particular under light irradiation [ 50 ]. The influence of biotransformation on the environmental safety of fullerenes should be carefully studied in the future.…”

Surface tunable magnetic nano-sorbents for carbon dioxide sorption and separation

“…[37] For PAA-nMAG, a strong band is shown at 1720 cm -1 , which is the characteristic peak of C=O stretching ( Figure 2c). [38,39] The weaker band at 1451 cm -1 is associated with -CH 2 deformation. Response at 1413, 1248 and 1178 cm -1 are attributed to C-O stretching coupled with O-H in-plane bending.…”