Photo-Oxidation of Crude Oils

Nagata, Shinichi; Kondo, Goro

doi:10.7901/2169-3358-1977-1-617

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2). Adsorption onto lipophilic structures is the most likely route of loss for these PAHs because they are relatively recalcitrant to photodegradation [16, 35]. The only other PAH completely lost from the water column was ANT, between 42 and 84 d. This response is consistent with the reduction of ANT to nondetectable levels in water over a similar time frame in the liquid creosote studies [17].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within experimental microcosms treated with creosote‐impregnated Douglas fir pilings

Bestari

Robinson

Solomon

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Temporal changes in the concentration and relative composition of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, sediment, and polyvinylchloride (PVC) strips were assessed to evaluate the fate of creosote leached from impregnated wood pilings in aquatic environments. The study consisted of single microcosms containing one of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 creosote‐impregnated pilings and two microcosms containing untreated pilings. Quantitative analyses of PAHs were performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. For each treatment, total PAHs(∑ PAH) in water increased rapidly up to 7 d posttreatment yielding a clear dose‐dependant concentration gradient ranging from 7.3 (0.5 pilings) to 97.2 μg/L (6 pilings). Total PAHs declined exponentially after 7 d and was reduced close to background concentrations (0.8–6.7 μg/L) by the end of the study (84 d). No increase in ∑ PAH was observed in sediments at any treatment, nor was there any relationship between sediment PAHs and distance from each piling cluster. However, a slight increase in PAHs was observed on PVC liner strips that exhibited a concentration gradient similar to that in water. The PVC‐bound ∑ PAH ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 μg/cm2 and 0.2 to 2.2 μg/cm2 at 31 and 58 d posttreatment, respectively. Based on these data, we estimated a rate loss of creosote from the pilings of approximately 50 μg/cm2/d (273 mg/piling/d). The low concentration of PAHs on the PVC, along with the absence of accumulation of PAHs in sediments, suggests that creosote was lost primarily from water via degradative pathways such as photolysis and microbial decomposition and adsorption onto PVC. The rapid loss of creosote from water in conjunction with the slow rate of leaching from the pilings suggests that risks associated with the use of creosote‐impregnated pilings in aquatic environments may be minimal.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within experimental microcosms treated with creosote‐impregnated Douglas fir pilings

Bestari

Robinson

Solomon

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…A study by Nagata and Kondo (1977) The rate of photolysis is accelerated by the presence of certain sensitizers (Zepp and Schlotzhauer 1983). Conversely, the rate of photolysis is decreased by the presence of certain quenchers in water (e.g., certain carbonyl compounds).…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs in air: A pilot study among pregnant women

Nethery

Wheeler

Fisher

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Based on half-life data, photolysis in water may be an important fate determining process for acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene relative to the other PAHs discussed in this document (Behymer and Hites, 1988;Anderson et al, 1986;Zepp and Schlotzhauer, 1983). A study by Nagata and Kondo (1977) reported that anthracene, phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene were susceptible to photodegradation, and that benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, fluorene, and pyrene were resistant to photodegradation. In the photooxidation of PAHs, the most common reactions result in the formation of peroxides, quinones, and diones (NAS, 1972).…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

et al. 1996

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals, including PAHs (ATSDR, 1995), found at facilities on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These profiles include information on health effects of chemicals from different routes and durations of exposure, their potential for exposure, regulations and advisories, and the adequacy of the existing database. Assessing the health effects of PAHs is a major challenge because environmental exposures to these chemicals are usually to complex mixtures of PAHs with other chemicals. The biological consequences of human exposure to mixtures of PAHs depend on the toxicity, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic, of the individual components of the mixture, the types of interactions among them, and confounding factors that are not thoroughly understood. Also identified are components of exposure and health effects research needed on PAHs that will allow estimation of realistic human health risks posed by exposures to PAHs. The exposure assessment component of research should focus on (1) development of reliable analytical methods for the determination of bioavailable PAHs following ingestion, (2) estimation of bioavailable PAHs from environmental media, particularly the determination of particle-bound PAHs, (3) data on ambient levels of PAHs metabolites in tissues/fluids of control populations, and (4) the need for a critical evaluation of current levels of PAHs found in environmental media including data from hazardous waste sites. The health effects component should focus on obtaining information on (1) the health effects of mixtures of PAHs particularly their noncarcinogenic effects in humans, and (2) their toxicokinetics. This report provides excerpts from the toxicological profile of PAHs (ATSDR, 1995) that contains more detailed information.

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Photo-Oxidation of Crude Oils

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within experimental microcosms treated with creosote‐impregnated Douglas fir pilings

Distribution and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within experimental microcosms treated with creosote‐impregnated Douglas fir pilings

Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs in air: A pilot study among pregnant women

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

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