Photo-induced degradation of cellulose

Malešič, Jasna; Kolar, Jana; Strlič, Matija; Kočar, Drago; Fromageot, Dominique; Lemaire, J.; Haillant, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.003

Cited by 76 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(Area and Cheradame 2011;Ding and Wang 2007;Forsskåhl 2000: Hotle et al 2008Kaminska et al 2001;Kato and Cameron 1999;Malešič et al 2005;Porck 2000;Rasch and Scribner 1933;Reilly et al 2001;Shahani et al 2001;Strlič et al 2011;Tétreault et al 2013;Zou et al 1996a;Calvini 2014) Since the process of natural aging is too slow, the aging of cellulose has to be accelerated by elevating the temperature to be able to then extrapolate the rate of cellulose scission to room temperature conditions. For this prediction, the rate of degradation at different temperatures is measured and an Arrhenius plot is constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration of ancient cellulose paper, Hanji: evaluation of paper permanence

et al. 2014

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Hanji paper, the paper material traditionally used in Korea, is in the focus of the present aging and mechanistic study. As raw materials and historic recipes for paper making are still available for Hanji today, specimen resembling historical material at the point of production can be prepared. While from that starting point, historical material had taken the path of natural aging, newly prepared samples-prepared according to both historic and current recipes-were artificially aged, and both aging modes can be compared. For the first time, an in-depth chemical and mathematical analysis of the aging processes for Hanji is presented. The aging of Hanji paper, resulting in hydrolysis and oxidation processes, was addressed by means of selective fluorescene labeling of oxidized groups in combination with gel permeation chromatography, providing profiles of carbonyl and carboxyl groups relative to the molar mass distribution. Starting Hanji showed the highest molecular weight ([1,400 kDa) ever reported for paper. We have defined two critical parameters for comparison of the paper samples: half-life DP (the time until every chain is split once on average) and life expectancy (the time until an average DP of failure is reached and no further mechanical stress can be tolerated). The two values were determined to be approximately 500 and 4,000 years, respectively, for the Hanji samples, provided there is no UV radiation. The rate of cellulose chain scission under accelerated aging (80°C, RH 65 %), was about 600 times faster than under natural conditions. In addition, cellulose degradation of Hanji paper under accelerated aging condition was about 2-3 times slower than that of historical rag paper as those used in medieval Europe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration of ancient cellulose paper, Hanji: evaluation of paper permanence

et al. 2014

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“…Art lux 40 with 2 UV fluorescent tubes (5000 K, 45 cm long, 100 W, 220 V), with plexiglas protection screen, with a UV-A component, whose UV intensity was 2 w/cm 2 .The distance between samples and the light source was 20 cm. The samples were left under UV irradiation for 45 days [37], which was demonstrated in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. stones, avoiding accumulation on the surface that hides the original colour characteristics.…”

Section: Uv Aging Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting of Marble Stone Facades of Historic Buildings Using Multifunctional TiO2 Nanocoatings

et al. 2017

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Stone surfaces and façades of historic buildings, due to their predominately outdoor location, suffer from many deterioration factors, including air pollution, soluble salts, relative humidity (RH)/temperature, and biodeterioration, which are the main causes of decay. In particular, the façades of the buildings deteriorate with direct exposure to these factors; deformation and disfiguration of superficial decoration and formation of black crusts are often observed on the stones. The development and application of self-cleaning and protection treatments on historical and architectural stone surfaces could be a significant improvement in the conservation, protection and maintenance of Cultural Heritage. A titanium dioxide nanoparticle has become a promising photocatalytic material, owing to its ability to catalyze the complete degradation of many organic contaminants and environmental factors. In this study, TiO 2 nanoparticles, dispersed in an aqueous colloidal suspension, were applied directly to historic marble stone surfaces, by spray-coating, in order to obtain a nanometric film over the stone surface. The study started with an investigation of some properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles, to assess the feasibility of the use of TiO 2 on historic stone and architectural surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, (SEM-EDX), in order to obtain information on coating homogeneity and surface morphology, before and after artificial aging; the activity of the coated surface was evaluated through UV-light exposure, to evaluate photo-induced effects. The changes of molecular structure occurring in treated samples were spectroscopically studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR); activity of the hydrophobic property of the coated surface was evaluated by Sterio microscopy, model Zeiss 2010 from Munich, Germany, equipped with photo camera S23 under 80X magnification. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated through capillary water absorption, and colorimetric measurements, performed to evaluate the optical appearance. Results showed that TiO 2 nanoparticles are good candidates for coating applications on historic stone surfaces, where self-cleaning photo-induced effects are well evident; they enhanced the durability of stone surfaces toward UV aging, improved resistance to relative humidity (RH)/temperature and abrasion affect, reduced accumulation of dirt on stone surfaces when left in open air for 6 months, and did not alter the original features.

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“…Under the light source utilized in this study, degradation related to hydrogen abstraction is probable rather than direct photolysis of C-C [36]. The formation of hydroxyl radicals in paper was detected after light exposure [37], but mainly on the surface of the paper that photons can readily reach, especially in the case of the compacted structure of rag paper. …”

Section: Light Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the stabilization of verdigris-containing rag paper by wet chemical treatments

et al. 2014

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Copper pigments promote the deterioration of paper objects; hence, it has been problematic to paper conservation since many valuable historical manuscripts contain copper green pigments. In particular, verdigris yields relatively mobile copper ions that can cause a higher risk of degradation depending on the relative humidity of the storage conditions. Although several research studies have demonstrated potential chemicals to slow down the degradation of the paper with copper ions or copper pigments, passive treatments such as mechanical reinforcement or environmental controls are still preferred since wet chemical treatments need to be further investigated. In the present study, various wet chemical treatments of rag paper with verdigris are tested with consideration for the practical situations of application as well as the sample conditions. GPC-Fluorescence-MALLS system after fluorescence labeling of carbonyl groups of cellulose was employed to evaluate the inhibition of both, hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose after treatments. Samples were prepared to simulate a partially soluble verdigris pigment bound in gum arabic on gelatin-sized rag paper. With the given sample conditions, beneficial effects from deacidification was rather limited despite the use of a mixture of water and ethanol as a co-solvent. In contrast, treatments with tetrabutylammonium bromide in ethanol or 1H-benzotriazol in ethanol showed significant stabilization of the samples. For both cases, hydrolytic degradation and oxidation of cellulose were retarded significantly when brushing application on verso was employed. Testing various conditions of the solutions and two different application methods led to the conclusion that the outcome of the solution treatment depends on not only the chemical, but also how it is applied.

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Photo-induced degradation of cellulose

Cited by 76 publications

References 20 publications

Deterioration of ancient cellulose paper, Hanji: evaluation of paper permanence

Deterioration of ancient cellulose paper, Hanji: evaluation of paper permanence

Protecting of Marble Stone Facades of Historic Buildings Using Multifunctional TiO2 Nanocoatings

Investigation of the stabilization of verdigris-containing rag paper by wet chemical treatments

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