The
adaptive property of supramolecular building blocks facilitates
noncovalent synthesis of soft materials. While it is still a challenging
task, fine-tuning and precise control over topological nanostructures
constructed from the self-assembly of low-molecular-weight building
blocks are an important research direction to investigate the structure–property
relationship. Herein, we report controlled self-assembly evolution
of a low-molecular-weight building block bearing cholesterol and naphthalene-dicarboximide
moieties, showing ultrasensitivity to solvent polarity. In low-polarity
solvents (<4), it could form an M-type fiber-constituted
organogel (supergel) with high solvent content, columnar molecular
packing, and self-healing property. Highly polar solvents (>7.8)
favor
the formation of P-type helical nanostructures terminated
by nanotoroids, having lamellar molecular packing. With a further
increase in solvent polarity (up to 9.6), unilamellar and multilamellar
vesicles were generated, which could undergo an aggregation-induced
fusion process to form branched nanotubes tuned by the concentration.
Self-attractive interactions between aggregates were found to be responsible
for the formation of superstructures including helix–nanotoroid
junctions as well as membrane-fused nanotubes.