Digital light processing (DLP) is a high-resolution, high-speed additive manufacturing method that builds 3D parts by selectively curing photopolymerizable resins layer-by-layer. To achieve multi-color DLP printing, researchers have used multiple switchable resin vats. However, these methods require complex vat switching devices and cleaning manipulations, leading to low efficiency. Therefore, it remains a challenge to achieve multi-color DLP 3D printing efficiently. In this study, a single-vat multi-color DLP 3D printing by using an anthraquinone-based dye is realized. The dye can be oxidized by the free radicals released from photoinitiators under ultraviolet light and change the color from blue to yellow. This color-changing mechanism permits a graded spectrum of colors as concomitants of the photopolymerization process during DLP printing by controlling the light dose without using extra vats or devices. Multi-color demonstrations, such as engineering stress simulation results in 3D and multi-color vases, are successfully fabricated, showing great versatility and efficiency.