Photo-assisted generation of versatile zwitterionic carboxybetaine-based hypercrosslinked polymers for separation science

Rapid fabrication of zwitterionic sulfobetaine vinylimidazole-based monoliths via photoinitiated copolymerization for hydrophilic interaction chromatography

“…For this purpose, several important parameters, such as the polymerization time, composition of the functional monomer and crosslinker, and weight content and composition of the porogens, were optimized. According to our previous study [ 16 ], 5 min in situ photo-initiated copolymerization ( Fig. 1 ) was selected for preparing zwitterionic SBVI-based hydrophilic monoliths, which was a significantly shorter duration than that used for conventional thermally initiated copolymerization of multi-monomer systems (at least 12 h, such as those functionalized with zwitterionic sulfobetaine [ 30 , 32 ], phosphatidylethanolamine [ 39 ], phosphorylcholine [ 12 , 40 ], and choline phosphate [ 17 ]).…”

“…To provide anchoring sites for the bulk polymer, the inner surfaces of the UV-transparent capillaries were first modified with γ-MAPS according to previously described methods [ 16 ]. The polymerization mixture was prepared by accurately weighing the designated amounts of the functional monomer (SBVI), crosslinker (PETA), porogen (a mixture of MeOH and THF), and photo-initiator (DMPA, approximately 1% ( m/m ) with respect to the monomer) into a 2.0 mL glass vial.…”

“…Recently, monolithic stationary phases have attracted close attention because of their easy preparation (thermally initiated copolymerization of functional monomers and crosslinkers), good column efficiency, high permeability and stability, and low cost [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ]. Therefore, a series of sulfobetaine-based zwitterionic hydrophilic polymeric monoliths, including SPE [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ], 1-(3-sulphopropyl)-4-vinylpyridinium-betaine [ 25 ], N,N -dimethyl- N -acryloyloxyethyl- N -(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine [ 26 , 27 ], and N,N -dimethyl- N- (3-methacrylamidopropyl)- N -(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine [ 28 ], were successively developed to overcome the above mentioned shortcomings of the packed columns.…”