Abstract:Currently, postoperative evaluation of aesthetic results of blepharoplasties mainly consists of subjective assessment by patients, surgeons, or others. We present an objective photo-assisted evaluation for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of blepharoplasties. Thirty-one female patients underwent aesthetic blepharoplasty. All types of blepharoplasties were included. An analysis of standardized pre- and postoperative photographs included measurements of eye fissure height, eye fissure width, li… Show more
“… 21 Measurements with value of smaller than the lowest normal limit can signify upper eyelid ptosis. 21 , 56 , 102 Fig. 10 While bilateral blepharoptosis may induce bilateral compensatory eyebrow elevation (left photo), unilateral blepharoptosis is associated with corresponding unilateral brow elevation (left eyebrow elevation on the right photo).…”
PurposeSince different subspecialties are currently performing a variety of upper facial rejuvenation procedures, and the level of knowledge on the ocular and periocular anatomy and physiology is different, this review aims to highlight the most important preoperative examinations and tests with special attention to the eye and periocular adnexal structures for general ophthalmologist and specialties other than oculo-facial surgeons in order to inform them about the fine and important points that should be considered before surgery to have both cosmetic and functional improvement.MethodsEnglish literature review was performed using PubMed with the different keywords of “periorbital rejuvenation”, “blepharoptosis”, “eyebrow ptosis”, “blepharoplasty”, “eyelid examination”, “facial assessment”, and “lifting”. Initial screening was performed by the senior author to include the most pertinent articles. The full text of the selected articles was reviewed, and some articles were added based upon the references of the initial articles. Included articles were then reviewed with special attention to the preoperative assessment of the periorbital facial rejuvenation procedures.ResultsThere were 254 articles in the initial screening from which 84 articles were found to be mostly related to the topic of this review. The number finally increased to 112 articles after adding the pertinent references of the initial articles.ConclusionStatic and dynamic aging changes of the periorbital area should be assessed as an eyelid-eyebrow unit paying more attention to the anthropometric landmarks. Assessing the facial asymmetry, performing comprehensive and detailed ocular examination, and asking about patients' expectation are three key elements in this regard. Furthermore, taking standard facial pictures, obtaining special consent form, and finally getting feedback are also indispensable tools toward a better outcome.
“… 21 Measurements with value of smaller than the lowest normal limit can signify upper eyelid ptosis. 21 , 56 , 102 Fig. 10 While bilateral blepharoptosis may induce bilateral compensatory eyebrow elevation (left photo), unilateral blepharoptosis is associated with corresponding unilateral brow elevation (left eyebrow elevation on the right photo).…”
PurposeSince different subspecialties are currently performing a variety of upper facial rejuvenation procedures, and the level of knowledge on the ocular and periocular anatomy and physiology is different, this review aims to highlight the most important preoperative examinations and tests with special attention to the eye and periocular adnexal structures for general ophthalmologist and specialties other than oculo-facial surgeons in order to inform them about the fine and important points that should be considered before surgery to have both cosmetic and functional improvement.MethodsEnglish literature review was performed using PubMed with the different keywords of “periorbital rejuvenation”, “blepharoptosis”, “eyebrow ptosis”, “blepharoplasty”, “eyelid examination”, “facial assessment”, and “lifting”. Initial screening was performed by the senior author to include the most pertinent articles. The full text of the selected articles was reviewed, and some articles were added based upon the references of the initial articles. Included articles were then reviewed with special attention to the preoperative assessment of the periorbital facial rejuvenation procedures.ResultsThere were 254 articles in the initial screening from which 84 articles were found to be mostly related to the topic of this review. The number finally increased to 112 articles after adding the pertinent references of the initial articles.ConclusionStatic and dynamic aging changes of the periorbital area should be assessed as an eyelid-eyebrow unit paying more attention to the anthropometric landmarks. Assessing the facial asymmetry, performing comprehensive and detailed ocular examination, and asking about patients' expectation are three key elements in this regard. Furthermore, taking standard facial pictures, obtaining special consent form, and finally getting feedback are also indispensable tools toward a better outcome.
“…Nasal tip protrusion-nose height index, the nasal tip protrusion (NTP, sn-prn), as percentage of the nose height (NH, n-sn) ( 7 ). Ala length-nose height index, representing the ala length (AL, ac-prn), as percentage of the nose height (NH, n-sn) ( 8 ) Nasal bridge index, the nasal bridge length (n-prn) as percentage of the nose height (n-sn) ( 9 ). Nose- upper face height index, the nose height (NH, n-sn), as percentage of the upper face height (UFH, n-sto) ( 10 ).…”
Section: Patient and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These soft tissue changes may be detected by anthropometric indices described by Farkas ( 3 ). They are related to attractiveness ( 4 , 5 ) and have proven useful to objectifiable quantify pre- to postoperative changes in facial reconstructive ( 6 ), traumatologic ( 7 ) and aesthetic ( 8 ) surgery. Furthermore they are widely used in the field of orthodontics ( 9 , 10 ).…”
Objectives: To adequately perform orthognathic surgery procedures, it is from basic interest to understand the morphologic changes caused by orthognathic surgery. Anthropometric analyses of standardized frontal view and profile photographs could help to investigate and understand such changes.
Study Design: We present a pre- to postoperative evaluation of orthognathic surgery results based on anthropometric indices described by Farkas and cephalometric measurements. 30 Class III patients undergoing maxillary advancement by Le Fort I Osteotomy and mandibular setback by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were evaluated. Preoperative as well as three and nine months postoperative lateral cephalograms as well as standardized frontal view and profile photographs were taken. On the photographs 21 anthropometric indices given by Farkas were evaluated. In cephalograms SNA and SNB angle as well as Wits appraisal were investigated.
Results: The investigated anthropometric indices showed a significant increase of the vertical height of the upper lip without changing the relation of the upper vermilion to the cutaneous upper lip. The lower vermilion height increased relatively to the cutaneous lower lip without vertical changes in the lower lip. Due to maxillary advancement the upper face height increased meanwhile the lower face height decreased due to mandibular setback. SNA and SNB angle and Wits appraisal showed typical changes related to surgery.
Conclusions: The investigated photo-assisted anthropometric measurements presented reproducible results related to bimaxillary surgery.
Key words:Orthognathic surgery, bimaxillary surgery, anthropometry, Class III.
“…Normative anthropometric measurements of the face are available ( 8 - 13 ). Their benefit in planning, performance and evaluation of facial surgery is widely recognized ( 11 , 12 , 14 ). In a group of 100 patients suffering from isolated blowout fractures, anthropometric measurements were performed on standardized photographs.…”
BackgroundThe influence of orbital fractures and their repair on the rate of deformities of the lower eyelid is an ongoing source of discussion in the literature. Most of the present studies include isolated blowout as well as combined orbital fractures.Material and MethodsWe present a retrospective evaluation of a series of 100 patients after isolated blowout fracture repair using reference anthropometric data on standardized photographs. Analysis included eye fissure width and height, lid sulcus height, upper lid height, upper and lower iris coverage, position of cornea to palpebra inferior, canthal tilt, scleral show, ectropion and entropion. It was clearly distinguished between operated and contralateral eyelid, whether a transconjunctival or a subciliary approach was performed and amount of fracture. Our main interests were changes of the aforementioned parameters with regards to eyelid deformities.ResultsSurgery per se did not significantly influence eyelid deformities. However, the surgical approach selected significantly affected eye fissure index, lower iris coverage and rate of scleral show, indicating retraction of the lower eyelid.ConclusionsThe standardized measurements described here are accurate and objective to evaluate postoperative results. The subciliary approach included the highest risk of lower lid retraction as compared to transconjunctival approaches.
Key words:Transconjunctical approach, subciliary approach, orbital floor fracture.
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