In the present study, a new diacetylene compound (PDATAZ), which readily forms a complementary
hydrogen bonding self-assembly at the air−water interface or in the solid state with barbituric acid (BA)
or cyanuric acid (CA), was designed and synthesized. The photopolymerization studies of PDATAZ and
its assembly with BA or CA have revealed some important insights on the chromatic properties of
polydiacetylenes. It was found that the chromatic property of polydiacetylenes is determined by whether
the polymer chain is capable of adopting a linear chainlike shape. With the continuous increase of the
length of the polymer chain, the original linear polyenyne backbone starts to “self-fold” to a “zigzag”
structure due to the free rotation of single bonds within the polymer chain. The efficient π-electron
delocalization along the polyenyne backbone is interrupted by this process, leading to a chromatic change
from the blue to red form of polydiacetylenes. If there are strong intermolecular interactions existing
between the polar groups of the side chains, such as the complementary hydrogen bonding network between
the triaminotriazine (TAZ) moiety of the diacetylene amphiphile and its complementary components, the
movement of the side chains is restricted and the folding process of the polymer backbone is inhibited.
The polymer backbone is able to maintain its extended chainlike conformation, leading to only the blue
form absorption band.