Photo-activation of respiration in the presence of CO in sperm of several marine invertebrates

Yasumasu, Ikuo; Tazawa, Eigoro; Fujiwara, Akiko

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(91)90097-w

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Usually the anaerobic glycolytic pathway typically replaces oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production and the maintenance of the intracellular ATP balance when mouse or human cells are cultured in media containing 10 μM sulfide, and the expression of nearly all of the genes in the anaerobic glycolytic pathway are up-regulated [ 39 , 40 ]. In U. unicinctus , it is confirmed that activities of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase become markedly high after fertilization in U. unicinctus eggs [ 41 , 42 ], and enzymes associated with oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production have also been elucidated in echiuran respiration [ 43 – 47 ]. In this study, we identified a large number of genes related to glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, such as pyruvate kinase, phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, ADP-dependent glucokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase (Table 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional response to sulfide in the Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus by digital gene expression analysis

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundUrechis unicinctus, an echiuran worm inhabiting the U-shaped burrows in the coastal mud flats, is an important commercial and ecological invertebrate in Northeast Asian countries, which has potential applications in the study of animal evolution, coastal sediment improvement and marine drug development. Furthermore, the worm can tolerate and utilize well-known toxicant-sulfide. However, knowledge is limited on the molecular mechanism of U. unicinctus responding to sulfide due to deficiency of its genetic information.MethodsIn this study, we performed Illumina sequencing to obtain the first Urechis unicinctus transcriptome data. Sequenced reads were assembled and then annotated using blast searches against Nr, Nt, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and COG. The clean tags from four digital gene expression (DGE) libraries were mapped to the U. unicinctus transcriptome. DGE analysis and functional annotation were then performed to reveal its response to sulfide. The expressions of 12 candidate genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. The results of qRT-PCR were regressed against the DGE analysis, with a correlation coefficient and p-value reported for each of them.ResultsHere we first present a draft of U. unicinctus transcriptome using the Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 platform and 52,093 unique sequences were assembled with the average length of 738 bp and N50 of 1131 bp. About 51.6 % of the transcriptome were functionally annotated based on the databases of Nr, Nt, Swiss-Prot, KEGG and COG. Then based on the transcriptome, the digital gene expression analysis was conducted to examine the transcriptional response to sulfide during 6, 24 and 48 h exposure, and finally 1705, 1181 and 1494 tag-mapped genes were identified as differentially expressed genes in the 6-h, 24-h and 48-h libraries, then were further subjected to pathway analyses.ConclusionsIn the DGE database of U. unicinctus, the alterations in certain known sulfide-related pathways indicate similar changes in response to sulfide. For more than 80 % of the identified pathway members, this is the first report on their association with sulfide stress, among which glycolysis pathway and PIDD involving pathways were unique and discussed in details, and were thought to play important roles in the sulfide tolerance of U. unicinctus. All the results are helpful to explain the mechanism of sulfide tolerance and detoxification.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2094-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional response to sulfide in the Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus by digital gene expression analysis

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

BMC Genomics

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Does the low respiratory rate in unfertilized eggs result mainly from depression of the redox reaction catalyzed by flavoproteins? Analysis of the respiratory system by light‐induced release of CO‐mediated inhibition

et al. 1996

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In unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin, the quite low respiratory rate is enhanced by tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (TMPD), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and sperm and this augmentation is completely inhibited by carbon monoxide (CO). Exposure to light releases eggs from this CO‐mediated inhibition. The action spectra for photoreactivation of CO‐inhibited cytochrome c oxidase in isolated mitochondria and CO‐blocked respiration in TMPD‐treated eggs were found to be similar to the absorption spectrum of CO‐bound cytochrome aa3. In PMS‐treated eggs and fertilized eggs, the maximum photoreactivation of CO‐inhibited respiration occurred at a light fluence rate higher than that for maximum photoreactivation of CO‐inhibited respiration in TMPD‐treated eggs, with peaks at the same wavelengths as those in the absorption spectrum of reduced cytochrome b. A similar phenomenon was seen for NADH cytochrome c reductase in mitochondria. Thus, cytochrome c oxidase and NADH cytochrome c reductase, whose activities are not altered by fertilization, seem to be functional, even in unfertilized eggs. In unfertilized eggs, difference spectra indicated that PMS and sperm augmented cytochrome b reduction and that TMPD accelerated cytochrome c reduction without cytochrome b reduction. Therefore, it is likely that depression of electron transport to cytochrome b, which is augmented by PMS and sperm, is responsible for the low respiratory rate in unfertilized eggs.

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Probable participation of phospholipase A₂ reaction in the process of fertilization‐induced activation of sea urchin eggs

et al. 1997

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In sea urchin eggs activated by sperm, A23187 or melittin, BPB (4-bromophenacyl bromide, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) blocked fertilization envelope formation and transient CN(-)-insensitive respiration in a concentration-dependent manner. BPB had virtually no effect on the increase in [Ca2+]i (cytosolic Ca2+ level), the activity of phosphorylase a and the rate of protein synthesis, as well as acid production and augmentation of CN(-)-sensitive respiration. BPB also inhibited fertilization envelope formation and augmentation of CN(-)-insensitive respiration induced by melittin. Melittin, known to be an activator of phospholipase A2, induced the envelope formation, acid production, augmentation of CN(-)-insensitive and sensitive respiration, but did not cause any increase in [Ca2+]i, the phosphorylase a activity and the rate of protein synthesis. An activation of phospholipase A2 induced by Ca2+ or melittin seems to result in cortical vesicle discharge and production of fatty acids, which are to be utilized in CN(-)-insensitive lipid peroxidase reactions. Activation of other examined cell functions in eggs activated by sperm or A23187, probably results from Ca(2+)-triggered sequential reactions other than Ca(2+)-caused activation of phospholipase A2.

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Photo-activation of respiration in the presence of CO in sperm of several marine invertebrates

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Transcriptional response to sulfide in the Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus by digital gene expression analysis

Transcriptional response to sulfide in the Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus by digital gene expression analysis

Does the low respiratory rate in unfertilized eggs result mainly from depression of the redox reaction catalyzed by flavoproteins? Analysis of the respiratory system by light‐induced release of CO‐mediated inhibition

Probable participation of phospholipase A₂ reaction in the process of fertilization‐induced activation of sea urchin eggs

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Photo-activation of respiration in the presence of CO in sperm of several marine invertebrates

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Transcriptional response to sulfide in the Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus by digital gene expression analysis

Transcriptional response to sulfide in the Echiuran Worm Urechis unicinctus by digital gene expression analysis

Does the low respiratory rate in unfertilized eggs result mainly from depression of the redox reaction catalyzed by flavoproteins? Analysis of the respiratory system by light‐induced release of CO‐mediated inhibition

Probable participation of phospholipase A2 reaction in the process of fertilization‐induced activation of sea urchin eggs

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Probable participation of phospholipase A₂ reaction in the process of fertilization‐induced activation of sea urchin eggs