Photic modulation of a highly sensitive, near-infrared light-scattering signal recorded from intact retinal photoreceptors.

Pepperberg, David R.; Kahlert, M.; Krause, Andreas; Hofmann, Klaus Peter

doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5531

Cited by 62 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2), where ΔI is the dynamic optical change, and I is the background light intensity. The small magnitude of the transient optical response agreed with previous photodiode measurements of IOSs in the retina 36,37 and other neural tissue. 38,[40][41][42]48 Data showed that both a waves (negative peak) and b waves (positive peak) could be clearly recorded in simultaneous electrophysiological measurements, but a positive-going NIR-transmitted light change dominated the corresponding IOSs (Fig.…”

Section: Fast Photodiode Recordings Of Iosssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Intrinsic optical signal imaging of retinal activation

Yao

2009

Jpn J Ophthalmol

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Fast intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) correlated with stimulus-activated retinal responses are reviewed. Fast IOSs have a time course comparable to the stimulus-evoked electrophysiological kinetics of the retina, and thus promise a new methodology for high-resolution evaluation of the physiological health of the retina. However, practical application of fast IOSs for retinal study and diagnosis is challenging because of their low sensitivity and limited specificity. Using isolated amphibian retinas, a series of experiments to optimize and characterize fast IOSs has been conducted. Fast, high-resolution nearinfrared light imaging disclosed both positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) optical responses in adjacent retinal areas, which satisfied spatial resolution essential to the differentiation of IOSs from opposite polarities. At the subcellular (approximately microm) level, fast IOSs often exceeded 5% DeltaI/I, where I is the dynamic optical change, and I is the background light intensity. Experiments with isolated frog retinas suggest that negative IOSs stem primarily from the photoreceptor layer, while positive IOSs come from inner retinal layers.

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Section: Fast Photodiode Recordings Of Iosssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…35,36 Recent development of adaptive optics imagers 31,32 allows IOS imaging of phototransduction changes of individual photoreceptors in vivo. Fast IOSs correlated with retinal ON and OFF responses have been detected in eyecup slices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic optical signal imaging of retinal activation

Yao

2009

Jpn J Ophthalmol

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“…The Ringer's medium contained 110.0 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 1.6 mM MgCl 2 , 1.0 mM CaCl 2 , 22.0 mM NaHCO 3 , and 10.0 mM D-glucose, pH 7.3~7.4. The low-sodium medium was prepared by replacing the NaCl in the Ringer's medium with 110.0 mM choline chloride [7]. All procedures for preparation and study of the retina were performed in a dark room with dim red light illumination.…”

Section: Retinal Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of isolated ROS [5,6] and of isolated intact retina [7,8] have shown that in response to a visible flash, photoreceptors exhibit an intrinsic near infrared scattering signal. As the ROS movement represents a morphological change in the retina, it is logical to hypothesize that the phototropic response of ROSs is a key component of the light-scattering signal [9], i.e., TRP may also originate from the ROSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-evoked outer segment changes occur before the hyperpolarization of retinal photoreceptors

Wang

Pepperberg

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Transient retinal phototropism (TRP) has been predominantly observed in rod photoreceptors activated by oblique visible light stimulation. Dynamic confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have revealed rod outer segment (ROS) movement as the physical source of TRP. However, the physiological source of ROS movement is still not well understood. In this study, concurrent near-infrared imaging of TRP and electroretinogram (ERG) measurement of retinal electrophysiology revealed that ROS movement occurs before the onset of the ERG a-wave, which is known to reflect the hyperpolarization of retinal photoreceptors. Moreover, substitution of normal superfusing medium with low-sodium medium reversibly blocked the photoreceptor ERG a-wave, but largely preserved the stimulus-evoked ROS movements. Our experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that early, disc-based stages of the phototransduction cascade, which occur before the hyperpolarization of retinal photoreceptors, contribute to the TRP associated ROS movement. 259-267 (1975). 29. E. Hessel, A. Herrmann, P. Müller, P. P. Schnetkamp, and K. P. Hofmann, "The transbilayer distribution of phospholipids in disc membranes is a dynamic equilibrium evidence for rapid flip and flop movement," Eur. J.

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“…Photoreceptors (PRs) were determined to be the main source of this effect, and in the following years, this method was used for investigation and quantitative evaluation of the activation of the PR G protein transducin and the time course of transduction events (8)(9)(10) and reviewed in ref. 11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Optophysiology: Depth-resolved probing of retinal physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography

Bizheva

Pflug

Hermann

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

203

140

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Noncontact, depth-resolved, optical probing of retinal response to visual stimulation with a <10-m spatial resolution, achieved by using functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (fUHROCT), is demonstrated in isolated rabbit retinas. The method takes advantage of the fact that physiological changes in dark-adapted retinas caused by light stimulation can result in local variation of the tissue reflectivity. fUHROCT scans were acquired from isolated retinas synchronously with electrical recordings before, during, and after light stimulation. Pronounced stimulusrelated changes in the retinal reflectivity profile were observed in the inner͞outer segments of the photoreceptor layer and the plexiform layers. Control experiments (e.g., dark adaptation vs. light stimulation), pharmacological inhibition of photoreceptor function, and synaptic transmission to the inner retina confirmed that the origin of the observed optical changes is the altered physiological state of the retina evoked by the light stimulus. We have demonstrated that fUHROCT allows for simultaneous, noninvasive probing of both retinal morphology and function, which could significantly improve the early diagnosis of various ophthalmic pathologies and could lead to better understanding of pathogenesis.electroretinogram ͉ functional optical coherence tomography ͉ inner plexiform layer ͉ photoreceptors ͉ retinal imaging T he vertebrate retina consists of several distinct layers: nuclear layers containing cell bodies can be differentiated from plexiform layers with axons and dendrites forming the neuronal network that preprocesses light-evoked signals before transmission to the brain. Early stages of retinal disorders are often confined to one of these layers and are manifested by both morphological abnormalities and impaired physiological responses. Detection of such pathologies requires high-resolution imaging methods. Various imaging modalities such as fundus photography, ultrasound imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are clinically used for imaging retinal morphology. OCT is an emerging imaging technique that allows for noncontact, in vivo visualization of biological tissue morphology with a micrometer-scale resolution at imaging depths of 1-2 mm (1-3). Currently, electrophysiological tests such as electroretinography (ERG) (4) and multifocal ERG (5) are used for clinical assessment of retinal function.More then 25 years ago, it was observed that the isolated retina when stimulated with visible light changes the amount of transmitted near-infrared light (NIR) (6, 7). Photoreceptors (PRs) were determined to be the main source of this effect, and in the following years, this method was used for investigation and quantitative evaluation of the activation of the PR G protein transducin and the time course of transduction events (8-10 and reviewed in ref. 11). In the last few years, other physiological processes at the cellular and subcellular level such as membrane depolarization (12), cell swelling (13), and altered metabolism...

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Photic modulation of a highly sensitive, near-infrared light-scattering signal recorded from intact retinal photoreceptors.

Abstract: On stimulation by green flashes, the isolated, aspartate-treated bovine retina exhibits transient changes in the scattering of near-infrared (880 nm) light. A single com-

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Intrinsic optical signal imaging of retinal activation

Intrinsic optical signal imaging of retinal activation

Stimulus-evoked outer segment changes occur before the hyperpolarization of retinal photoreceptors

Optophysiology: Depth-resolved probing of retinal physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography

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