Phosphotungstic acid anchored on amine-functionalized MIL-101: An effective catalyst for the direct esterification of 1-butene to sec-butyl acetate

Application of hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks in heterogeneous catalysis: A review

“…Esterification reaction combines two substrates to form an ester, and a typical example is the esterification of alcohol and acid (carboxylic acid, oxygen-containing organic acid, or anhydrides) [110]. According to the report by Yaghi and other excellent studies [111][112][113][114], acid-modified H-MOF catalysts used in esterification can be mainly divided into three categories. (i) Encapsulating catalyst species within the inner pores of MOFs, such as directly embedding 12-tingstophosphoric heteropolyacid (HPW) in the mesoporous cages of MIL-101 [112].…”

“…(ii) Fixing catalytic functional groups onto open metal sites. For example, stabilizing an HPW with amino groups of ethylenediamine (ED) grafted on the unsaturated metal sites of MIL-101 [113]. (iii) Modifying functional groups on the organic linkers, such as sulfonic acid-functionalized MOFs [114].…”

“…Another route to synthesize esters is to directly combine organic carboxylic acids with olefins, and it is regarded as one of the most economically and environmentally friendly strategies for esterification reaction [118]. Amino groups were used to anchor HPW on MIL-101 via the charge effect to form HPW/ EDG-MIL-101 catalyst for olefin esterification [113]. The results showed that with 40 wt% HPW loading, HPW/EDG-MIL-101 featured the highest sec-butyl acetate (SBAC) yield of 30.67 wt% (8 h) when compared with the catalyst synthesized by direct encapsulation of HPW in the mesopores of MIL-101.…”

Esterification of 1-hexene and acetic acid catalyzed by a modified resin with a Lewis acid

“…Secondary esters, as important organic chemicals, are widely used in the elds of clean gasoline additives, perfumes, medicated additives, solvents, extractants and so on. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In addition, higher alcohols as one of the important components of biofuels could be obtained by the hydrolysis reaction of organic esters, which could overcome the drawbacks of direct hydration. 7,8 The traditional production method of carboxylic acid esters is the esterication of carboxylic acids and alcohols.…”

“…16 At present, a lot of research concentrates on the esterication of cyclohexene and C 2 -C 4 linear olens, while systematic research on C 5+ linear olens is rare. [17][18][19][20][21] In the esterication of C 5+ linear olens, there are multiple by-products such as other esters and olen isomers compared with cyclohexene and C 2 -C 4 linear olens, 22 which not only affects the selectivity of the target ester, but also increases the complexity of reaction. Hence, it is urgent to strengthen the research on C 5+ olens.…”