Phosphotungestovanadate immobilized on PVA as an efficient and reusable nano catalyst for oxidative desulphurization of gasoline

Oxidative desulfurization of gasoline catalyzed by IMID@PMA@CS nanocomposite as a high‐performance amphiphilic nanocatalyst

“…The surface morphology of pure PMA, CS, and prepared IMID@PMA@CS catalyst was accurately determined using the SEM technique. Figure a shows the morphology of pure PMA with a rugged surface and the Figure b presented very smooth layers of CS polymer before immobilization . After immobilization of modified IMID@PMA clusters on CS, the morphology of the inorganic–organic hybrid IMID@PMA@CS nanocomposite demonstrated that entangled small flat particles (Figure c), which is in good agreement with the results of XRD analysis (Figure d).…”

“…This shifts an evidence for the intermolecular electronic interactions between PMA, IMID, and CS. The absorption peak of pure chitosan is lower than 300 nm due the absence of conjugated double bonds in the molecules . Also, the pure IMID does not show any electronic transition in the UV–vis region.…”

“…For sulfur elimination from model at the same temperature, oxidation reactivity was in the order of DBT > BT > Th due to the much lower electron density of sulfur atom in Th compared with those in DBT and BT. In other words, the oxidation efficiency of sulfur containing compounds increased with the increase of the aromatic p‐electron density . The influence of various time and temperature condition on desulfurization system of model and real gasoline were reported in Figure .…”

“…Recently, the surface modification of POM supported catalysts with hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups has proved to be an effective solution to form amphiphilic solid POM catalysts, which can be utilized in heterogeneous catalysis, allowing facile separation and recycling after operation . In continuation of our group researches on the synthesis and application of POM in organic reaction, we report the applicability of IMID@PMA@CS for efficient desulfurization of gasoline to preparation of clean fuels . In this study, the new class of phase transfer‐type nanocatalyst (IMID@PMA@CS) was synthesized and its catalytic activity in sulfur oxidation treatments evaluated.…”

Facile synthesis of inorganic–organic Fe2W18Fe4@NiO@CTS hybrid nanocatalyst induced efficient performance in oxidative desulfurization of real fuel

“…These electrophilic intermediate species (abbreviated M(O 2 )) were formed by the reaction of the peroxide oxygen in CH 3 COOH with terminal metal‐oxygen groups (M = O t ) in the structure of sandwich‐type POM. The sulfur atom of organic compounds, which is quite nucleophilic, can attack on M(O 2 ) species to produce the corresponding sulfoxide (RSO) and sulfones (RSO 2 ) . The reaction products accumulate in the water phase due to their nature of polarity, which can be considered to be a benefit for extracting by acetonitrile solvent …”