Phosphorylation of Spo0A by the Histidine Kinase KinD Requires the Lipoprotein Med in Bacillus subtilis

Banse, Allison V.; Hobbs, Errett C.; Losick, Richard

doi:10.1128/jb.05199-11

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…KinD also seems to be important in B. subtilis colonization on the plant host by sensing plant-released signals and promoting biofilm formation on the root surface of the plant (19). It was also recently suggested that the activity of KinD depends on its partner, a lipoprotein termed Med (41). Based on the above-described studies as well as the present study, we suppose that the signalsensing ability of KinD is multifaceted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Combination of Glycerol and Manganese Promotes Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis via Histidine Kinase KinD Signaling

2013

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The spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis forms matrix-enclosed biofilms in response to environmental cues that to date remain poorly defined. Biofilm formation depends on the synthesis of an extracellular matrix, which is indirectly regulated by the transcriptional regulator Spo0A. The activity of Spo0A depends on its phosphorylation state. The level of phosphorylated Spo0A (Spo0AϳP) is controlled by a network of kinases and phosphatases, which respond to environmental and physiological signals. In spite of significant progress in understanding biofilm development, the fundamental question of how cells sense the environmental cues that trigger biofilm formation has largely remained unaddressed. Here, we report that biofilm formation of B. subtilis in LB medium is triggered by a combination of glycerol and manganese (GM). Moreover, LB medium with GM significantly stimulates biofilm-associated sporulation and production of an undefined brown pigment. We further show that transcription of the major operons responsible for matrix production and biofilm formation is dramatically enhanced in response to GM. We also establish that KinD is a principal histidine kinase responsible for sensing the presence of GM exclusively by its extracellular CACHE domain. Finally, we show that GM has a similar biofilm-promoting effect in two related Bacillus species, B. licheniformis and B. cereus, indicating that the biofilm-promoting effect of GM is conserved in Bacillus species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Combination of Glycerol and Manganese Promotes Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis via Histidine Kinase KinD Signaling

2013

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“…To investigate whether the root exudate was stimulating Spo0A∼P activity, we used a luciferase gene fusion to the promoter for the sdpABC operon (P sdpA ‐ lux ), whose activity is known to be highly sensitive to Spo0A∼P levels (Banse et al ., 2011). Addition of 1% root exudate to the medium increased expression of the P sdpA ‐ lux reporter fusion by about twofold (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bacillus subtilis sensor kinase involved in triggering biofilm formation on the roots of tomato plants

Chen

Cao

Chai

et al. 2012

Molecular Microbiology

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216

190

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Summary The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis is widely used in agriculture as a biocontrol agent able to protect plants from a variety of pathogens. Protection is thought to involve the formation of bacterial communities – biofilms – on the roots of the plants. Here we used confocal microscopy to visualize biofilms on the surface of the roots of tomato seedlings and demonstrated that biofilm formation requires genes governing the production of the extracellular matrix that holds cells together. We further show that biofilm formation was dependent on the sensor histidine kinase KinD and in particular on an extracellular CACHE domain implicated in small molecule sensing. Finally, we report that exudates of tomato roots strongly stimulated biofilm formation ex planta and that an abundant small molecule in the exudates, L‐malic acid, was able to stimulate biofilm formation at high concentrations in a manner that depended on the KinD CACHE domain. We propose that small signalling molecules released by the roots of tomato plants are directly or indirectly recognized by KinD, triggering biofilm formation.

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“…4 in 3E4P and 3E4Q (DctB 29,30 ), 174.4 in KinD-SD (this work), 176.2 in 3C8C, 32 179.2 in 3T4J 34 and 180 in 3LIA, 3LI8, and 3LI9. 31 In 3LI8…”

Section: Comparison Of Periplasmic Sensors Composed Of Tandem Pas-likmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the sporulation phosphorelay: Crystal structure of the sensor domain of Bacillus subtilis histidine kinase, KinD

Wilton

et al. 2013

Protein Science

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The Bacillus subtilis KinD signal-transducing histidine kinase is a part of the sporulation phosphorelay known to regulate important developmental decisions such as sporulation and biofilm formation. We have determined crystal structures of the extracytoplasmic sensing domain of KinD, which was copurified and crystallized with a pyruvate ligand. The structure of a ligandbinding site mutant was also determined; it was copurified and crystallized with an acetate ligand. The structure of the KinD extracytoplasmic segment is similar to that of several other sensing domains of signal transduction proteins and is composed of tandem Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS)-like domains. The KinD ligand-binding site is located on the membrane distal PAS-like domain and appears to be highly selective; a single mutation, R131A, abolishes pyruvate binding and the mutant binds acetate instead. Differential scanning fluorimetry, using a variety of monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, identified pyruvate, propionate, and butyrate but not lactate, acetate, or malate as KinD ligands. A recent report found that malate induces biofilm formation in a KinDdependent manner. It was suggested that malate might induce a metabolic shift and increased secretion of the KinD ligand of unknown identity. The structure and binding assays now suggests that this ligand is pyruvate and/or other small monocarboxylic acids. In summary, this study gives a first insight into the identity of a molecular ligand for one of the five phosphorelay kinases of B. subtilis.

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Phosphorylation of Spo0A by the Histidine Kinase KinD Requires the Lipoprotein Med in Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

A Combination of Glycerol and Manganese Promotes Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis via Histidine Kinase KinD Signaling

A Combination of Glycerol and Manganese Promotes Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis via Histidine Kinase KinD Signaling

A Bacillus subtilis sensor kinase involved in triggering biofilm formation on the roots of tomato plants

Insight into the sporulation phosphorelay: Crystal structure of the sensor domain of Bacillus subtilis histidine kinase, KinD

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