Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in relation to diapause processing in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Lin, Ju-Ling; Lin, Pei‐Ling; Gu, Shi‐Hong

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.03.007

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Here, we have detected increased transcript abundance mainly of the hub gene wg and downstream genes of the canonical Wnt pathways (the β-catenin-dependent pathway) in apple compared with hawthorn pupae. This is consistent with developmental advancement of the apple host race, which completes diapause and emerges earlier than the hawthorn host race in the field, and mirrors the positive relationship between developmental progression and Wnt signaling in other diapause studies (Chen and Xu, 2014;Lin et al, 2009). …”

Section: Comparison With Other Diapause Studiessupporting

confidence: 80%

Divergence of the diapause transcriptome in apple maggot flies: winter regulation and post-winter transcriptional repression

Meyers

Powell

Walden

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The duration of dormancy regulates seasonal timing in many organisms and may be modulated by day length and temperature. Though photoperiodic modulation has been well studied, temperature modulation of dormancy has received less attention. Here, we leverage genetic variation in diapause in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, to test whether gene expression during winter or following spring warming regulates diapause duration. We used RNAseq to compare transcript abundance during and after simulated winter between an apple-infesting population and a hawthorn-infesting population where the apple population ends pupal diapause earlier than the hawthorn-infesting population. Marked differences in transcription between the two populations during winter suggests that the 'early' apple population is developmentally advanced compared with the 'late' hawthorn population prior to spring warming, with transcripts participating in growth and developmental processes relatively up-regulated in apple pupae during the winter cold period. Thus, regulatory differences during winter ultimately drive phenological differences that manifest themselves in the following summer. Expression and polymorphism analysis identify candidate genes in the Wnt and insulin signaling pathways that contribute to population differences in seasonality. Both populations remained in diapause and displayed a pattern of up-and then down-regulation (or vice versa) of growth-related transcripts following warming, consistent with transcriptional repression. The ability to repress growth stimulated by permissive temperatures is likely critical to avoid mismatched phenology and excessive metabolic demand. Compared with diapause studies in other insects, our results suggest some overlap in candidate genes/pathways, though the timing and direction of changes in transcription are likely species specific.

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Section: Comparison With Other Diapause Studiessupporting

confidence: 80%

Divergence of the diapause transcriptome in apple maggot flies: winter regulation and post-winter transcriptional repression

Meyers

Powell

Walden

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Moreover, the activation of ERK, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, and translational repressor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP) are involved in diapause termination in dechorionated cultured eggs (Iwata et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2009;Gu et al, 2011). The mechanisms involved in the activation of ERK signaling in dechorionated eggs were further studied herein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eggs or larvae were homogenized in a lysis buffer (10 mmol/L Tris and 0.1% Triton X-100) at 4°C (Lin et al, 2009;Gu et al, 2011). Lysates were boiled in an equal volume of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) sample buffer for 4 min followed by centrifugation at 15 800 × g for 3 min to remove any particulate matter.…”

Section: Western Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury‐induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling in dechorionated eggs and larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Chen

2016

Insect Science

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Previous study showed that diapause in Bombyx mori eggs can be terminated by dechorionation and that activation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in dechorionated cultured eggs is involved in diapause termination. In the present study, the possible mechanism underlying activation of ERK upon dechorionation was further investigated. Results showed that mechanical injury of diapause eggs without medium incubation also resulted in rapid increase in the phospho-ERK levels and that injury increased the phospho-ERK levels at different stages of both diapause eggs and eggs in which diapause initiation was prevented by HCl. Effects of anaerobiosis on dechorionation-stimulated phospho-ERK levels showed that the mechanical injury itself but not the dramatic increase in oxygen uptake upon injury is involved in a rapid activation of ERK. Chemical anaerobiosis on dechorionation-stimulated phospho-ERK levels and the in vivo effect of anaerobiosis showed that the supply of oxygen also plays a role in ERK signaling. In addition, injury induced the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 kinase, components of two parallel MAPK pathways. A kinase assay showed a dramatic increase in JNK kinase activity in egg lysates upon injury. When newly hatched first instar larvae were injured, an increase in the phospho-ERK levels similar to that in dechorionated eggs was observed. From the results, we hypothesize that the injury-induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling, which serves as a natural signal for embryonic development, is related to diapause termination in dechorionated eggs.

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“…Chill treatments resulted in the expression of Samui (a cold-inducible gene) and sorbitol dehydrogenease (SDH) genes respectively at 5-6 days and 40-50 days postoviposition, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the yolk cells at 45 days, up-expression of a glycerol kinase-3 gene, and increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3b in diapause eggs (Niimi et al, 1993;Moribe et al, 2001;Iwata et al, 2005;Fujiwara et al, 2006;Kihara et al, 2009;Lin et al, 2009). It has been hypothesized that the chill treatments induce a development-promoting signal and terminates diapause possibly via ROS, which act as second messengers to activate various signal transduction cascades (Gabbita et al, 2000;Chiarugi and Cirri, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of hydrogen peroxide and catalase expression in Bombyx eggs during diapause initiation and termination

Sima

JinMei

Hou

et al. 2011

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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For diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, diapause initiation is prevented with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at around 20 h post-oviposition while diapause status is terminated with chilling around 5°C. To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and catalase expression are involved in diapause initiation and termination, the concentration of H(2)O(2), relatively higher levels of catalase mRNA and activity of catalase were compared between (1) 20-h-old diapause eggs and the HCl-treated diapause eggs, and (2) 10-day-old diapause eggs and the 5°C-chilled diapause eggs. Compared to diapause eggs, the HCl-treated eggs had significantly higher H(2)O(2) concentrations (up from approximately 1-3 µmol/g fresh mass to 5-8 µmol/g fresh mass), higher relative level of catalase mRNA (up from 0 to 35.2%) and higher catalase activity (up from 2.51 units/mg protein to 4.97 units/mg protein) at 96 h post-treatment. On the other hand, the 5°C chilling resulted in significant increases of H(2)O(2) concentration (up from 0.79 µmol/g fresh mass to 5.57 µmol/g fresh mass), relative level of catalase mRNA (up from 0 to 71.4%) and catalase activity (up from 0.88 units/mg protein to 3.42 units/mg protein) within 120 days. The results obtained in this work suggest that variations of H(2)O(2) and catalase expression in Bombyx eggs are involved in diapause initiation and termination.

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Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in relation to diapause processing in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Divergence of the diapause transcriptome in apple maggot flies: winter regulation and post-winter transcriptional repression

Divergence of the diapause transcriptome in apple maggot flies: winter regulation and post-winter transcriptional repression

Injury‐induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling in dechorionated eggs and larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Variations of hydrogen peroxide and catalase expression in Bombyx eggs during diapause initiation and termination

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