Phosphorylation of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Twist in development and disease

Xue, Gui-Rong; Hemmings, Brian A.

doi:10.1042/bst20110678

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Phosphorylation and ubiquitination are the most important post-translational modifications that affect Twist1 function by regulating the stability of Twist1 protein [58]. Both Ras activation and TGF-β treatment are capable of activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, which significantly increases Ser68 phosphorylation of Twist1 and prevents Twist1 from undergoing E3-mediated ubiquitination and degradation without altering Twist1 mRNA expression in breast cancer cells [59].…”

Section: Upstream Regulators Modulating Twist1 From the Transcriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers

et al. 2017

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Twist1 is a well-known regulator of transcription during embryonic organogenesis in many species. In humans, Twist1 malfunction was first linked to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and later identified to play an essential role in tumor initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and chemo-resistance in a variety of carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignances. In this review, we will first focus on systematically elaborating the diverse pathological functions of Twist1 in various cancers, then delineating the intricate underlying network of molecular mechanisms, based on which we will summarize current therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment that target and modulate Twist1-involved signaling pathways. Most importantly, we will put special emphasis on revealing the independence and interdependency of these multiple biological functions of Twist1, piecing together the whole delicate picture of Twist1's diversified pathological roles in different cancers and providing new perspectives to guide future research.

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Section: Upstream Regulators Modulating Twist1 From the Transcriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers

et al. 2017

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“…17, 18, 19 In vertebrates, the Snail family comprises three members: Snail 1, Snail 2 and Snail 3. 20 Snail 1 is also called ‘Snail,' and Snail 2 is also known as ‘Slug,' and these proteins suppress the expression of epithelial genes, such as E-cadherin and plakoglobin, and also activate the expression of mesenchymal proteins, including N-cadherin and fibronectin.…”

Section: Key Emt Signaling Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and its effects on embryonic stem cells

Kim

et al. 2014

Exp Mol Med

103

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The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for embryonic development and the formation of various tissues or organs. However, EMT dysfunction in normal cells leads to diseases, such as cancer or fibrosis. During the EMT, epithelial cells are converted into more invasive and active mesenchymal cells. E-box-binding proteins, including Snail, ZEB and helix–loop–helix family members, serve as EMT-activating transcription factors. These transcription factors repress the expression of epithelial markers, for example, E-cadherin, rearrange the cytoskeleton and promote the expression of mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, fibronectin and other EMT-activating transcription factors. Signaling pathways that induce EMT, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, interact with each other for the regulation of this process. Although the mechanism(s) underlying EMT in cancer or embryonic development have been identified, the mechanism(s) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remain unclear. In this review, we describe the underlying mechanisms of important EMT factors, indicating a precise role for EMT in ESCs, and characterize the relationship between EMT and ESCs.

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“…The functional role of oocyte expressed FIGalpha has been well documented in transcriptional regulation of zona pellucida genes ( ZP-1 , ZP-2 and Zp3 ) necessary for fertilization (Liang et al 1997), and NALP family of genes (Joshi et al 2007) essential for early embryonic development beyond the 2-cell stage in mice (Tong et al 2000). Moreover, E-box dependent regulatory roles of USF1, USF2 and TWIST2 transcription factors have been clearly demonstrated in transcriptional regulation of genes associated with stress, immune responses and the cell cycle and proliferation in different somatic and cancer tissues (Corre & Galibert 2005, Xue & Hemmings 2012). To our knowledge, the temporal expression and potential functional role of USF1, USF2 and TWIST2 in oocytes and early embryos has not been reported previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of the transcription factor USF1 in bovine oocyte and early embryonic development

et al. 2015

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Upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF1) is a basic helix loop helix transcription factor that specifically binds to E-box DNA motifs, known cis-elements of key oocyte expressed genes essential for oocyte and early embryo development. However, the functional and regulatory role of USF1 in bovine oocyte and embryo development is not understood. In this study, we demonstrated that USF1 mRNA is maternal in origin and expressed in a stage specific manner during the course of oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryonic development. Immunocytochemical analysis showed detectable USF1 protein during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development with increased abundance at 8–16 cell stage of embryo development, suggesting a potential role in embryonic genome activation. Knockdown of USF1 in germinal vesicle stage oocytes did not impact meiotic maturation or cumulus expansion, but caused significant changes in mRNA abundance for genes associated with oocyte developmental competence. Furthermore, siRNA mediated depletion of USF1 in presumptive zygote stage embryos demonstrated that USF1 is required for early embryonic development to the blastocyst stage. A similar (USF2) yet unique (TWIST2) expression pattern during oocyte and early embryonic development for related E-box binding transcription factors known to cooperatively bind USF1 suggest a potential link to USF1 action. This study demonstrates that USF1 is a maternally derived transcription factor required for bovine early embryonic development which also functions in regulation of JY-1, GDF9 and FST genes associated with oocyte competence.

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Phosphorylation of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Twist in development and disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers

Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers

Role of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and its effects on embryonic stem cells

Requirement of the transcription factor USF1 in bovine oocyte and early embryonic development

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