Phosphorylated protein modification analysis on normal liver and Exo‐celiac liver of Glyptosternum maculatum

Abstract

Background This study aimed to reveal the biological function and molecular mechanism of phosphorylated proteins in the normal liver (NG) and Exo‐celiac liver (WG) of Glyptosternum maculatum and potential plateau‐adaption mechanisms of G. maculatum. Methods A multivariate analysis was performed on proteomic quantitative data (label‐free group) and phosphorylated proteome data (phosphorylation group) to reveal protein characteristics. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between NG and WG in the two groups were analysed. Enrichment analysis of these DEPs was performed prior to the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Finally, an integrated interaction network was constructed to reveal the biological mechanism of the DEP‐mediated signal transduction process. Result The NG and WG samples in the phosphorylation group were well distinguished compared to the label‐free group. A total of 49 and 313 DEPs were identified in the label‐free and phosphorylation groups, respectively. These DEPs, including LIM and calponin homology domains‐containing protein 1 (LIMCH1) and DEAD(Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp)‐Box Helicase 51 (DDX51), were mainly assembled in functions such as cell adhesion. Two PPI networks were constructed using DEPs in the two groups. Finally, an integrated interaction network was constructed using co‐DEP Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) and associated pathways, including RNA transport. Conclusion LIMCH1 and DDX51 might play important roles in the organogenesis of normal liver and Exo‐celiac liver in G. maculatum via the cell adhesion function. Moreover, FXD1 might be associated with the plateau‐adaption mechanisms of G. maculatum via participation in the RNA transport pathway.

Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the main liver and attached liver of <i>Glyptosternum maculatum</i> on the basis of data-independent mass spectrometry acquisition

“…Functional enrichment analysis indicated that FEGs in G. maculatum generally encoded proteins related to structural components. The identification of candidate PSGs in G. maculatum, which may directly contribute to adaptive responses to high altitude (Zhang et al, 2021), in combination with G. maculatum draft genome sequence, may help characterise the DEPs detected in the current study.…”

“…DDA MS data were analysed using PD 2.2 and applied for the protein database search [XZ_fish_pasa2.longest.pep.filter. fasta (24489 sequences)] (https://doi.org/10.1111/ jfb.14877) (Zhang et al, 2021). N-terminal acetylation and methionine oxidation were set as flexible modifications and cysteine carbamidomethylation was set as a fixed modification.…”

“…There is relatively little information available regarding the development of AL and its differentiation during embryogenesis. However, Zhang et al (2021) have recently reported that AL forms in three stages. In G. maculatum, AL does not develop until the larva exits the egg envelope.…”

“…Previous research on 11 related species revealed the presence of AL in five other species in addition to G. maculatum (i.e., Euchiloglanis davidi, Pseudecheneis sulcatus, Clarias gariepinus, Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis, and Glaridoglanis). In contrast, other related species (cyprinid and cobitid fishes), which inhabit a similar ecological niche, have only one liver (Li et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021). This suggests that the presence of two livers does not provide catfish with an evolutionary advantage (Xiao et al, 2021).…”

Morphological variation in Schizothorax oconnori, Schizothorax waltoni (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae), and their natural hybrids from the middle Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet

“…Fortunately, with the development of software technologies, conventional morphometrics incorporated with image analysis are receiving increasing attention (Cadrin & Friedland, 1999;Petrellis, 2021;Sibinamol et al, 2020). The majority of research on species and population discrimination is based on morphological variation in morphometrics and meristics (Sreekanth et al, 2015;Turan, 2004;Wang et al, 2015), truss networks (Rodrigues-Oliveira et al, 2023;Sajina et al, 2011;Sibinamol et al, 2020), calcified tissues, such as otoliths and skeletons (Cañás et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2021;Vaisakh et al, 2019), and some special tissues, like the exo-celiac liver (Zhang, 2011).…”