Phosphorylated hazelnut shell waste for sustainable lithium recovery application as biosorbent

Abstract

Hazelnut shell waste was phosphorylated to develop a novel biosorbent based on natural renewable resource for the recovery of lithium from aqueous solution. For the synthesized biosorbent, the surface morphology and mapping by SEM-EDS, chemical properties by FTIR, elemental analysis by XPS, specific surface area by BET, crystallinity by XRD and thermal properties by TGA were elucidated elaborately. The influence of biosorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature, contact time, pH and coexisting ions were investigated. The equilibrium sorption capacity reached 6.03 mg/g under optimal conditions (i.e., biosorbent dosage of 12.0 g/L, initial Li concentration of 100 mg/L, pH value of 5.8, sorption temperature of 25 °C, and sorption time of 6 min). According to the sorption behavior of the phosphorylated hazelnut shell waste the Freundlich model proved to be more suitable than the Langmuir model indicating maximum sorption capacity as

Cross-Linked Phosphorylated Cellulose as a Potential Sorbent for Lithium Extraction from Water: Dynamic Column Studies and Modeling

“…As a result, due to its adaptability for a continuous system, phosphorylated FC strengthened with crosslinking via ECH was discovered to be a potential sorbent for the extraction of lithium from aqueous solutions in a dynamic packed bed column. Indeed, the cross-linked phosphorylated cellulose-based adsorbent is an improvement because the study’s findings suggested that prospective low-cost adsorbents might be made from various lignocellulosic biomass wastes with a high cellulose content and also paved the door for lithium recovery from natural water sources such as geothermal water by continuous processes because the Li sorption capacity in the presence of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ions were investigated additionally in our previous batch mode of operation studies. , The results showed that the functional group attached to the material exhibited more affinity towards Li among other monovalent cations. On the other hand, in the presence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , they highly competed with monovalent ions since they have a higher valence and atomic radius as expected, but the material still showed a considerable lithium sorption capacity.…”

“…Phosphorylated FC was synthesized according to the procedure described elaborately in our previous studies. , Nonetheless, due to the phosphorous groups in its structure, phosphorylated FC is a very hydrophilic substance that instantly swells to form a hydrogel when it comes into contact with water. Before using the phosphorylated FC in the column, the material was cross-linked with ECH to eliminate the hydrophilicity of the material, as it becomes hydrogel when filled into the column.…”

“…As a result, phosphorylated polysaccharides have been exploited as metal-chelating polymers and cation exchange materials for pollution remediation . Recently, microcrystalline cellulose along with hazelnut shell waste and olive pruning waste as natural cellulose resources has been phosphorylated to synthesize lithium-capable low-cost and sustainable sorbents and tested via batch mode sorption studies in our research group. ,, …”

Sono‐exfoliated graphene‐like activated carbon from hazelnut shells for flexible supercapacitors

“…However, transforming these hazelnut shells into activated carbon could be beneficial owing to their high lignin and cellulose content. Activated carbon derived from hazelnut shells has been mainly studied for applications in CO 2 adsorption, as biosorbent for the recovery of Lithium, heavy metal ion adsorption, and more recently in supercapacitor electrodes 20‐22 …”

“…Activated carbon derived from hazelnut shells has been mainly studied for applications in CO 2 adsorption, as biosorbent for the recovery of Lithium, heavy metal ion adsorption, and more recently in supercapacitor electrodes. [20][21][22] Theoretically, specific capacitance of biomass carbon electrodes is directly related to the pore structure and surface area of activated carbon electrode materials. 30 To achieve high specific surface area activated carbon from the biomass, in addition to the selection of precursor and activating agents, synthesis parameters such as impregnation ratio (biochar/ activating agent ratio), holding time (constant time at which the samples are annealed at a particular temperature), and holding temperature (constant temperature at which the samples are annealed for a constant time) play an important role.…”