Phosphorus Polyester — an Alternative to Low‐Molecular‐Weight Flame Retardants in Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)?

Brehme, Sven; Köppl, Thomas; Schartel, Bernhard; Fischer, Oliver; Altstädt, Volker; Pospiech, Doris; Döring, Manfred

doi:10.1002/macp.201200072

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…PA6 and its compounds with hBN decomposed in a one‐step process. The observations concerning the use of AlPi‐Et were in accordance with the literature …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Heat propagation in thermally conductive polymers of PA6 and hexagonal boron nitride

et al. 2019

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Summary Thermally conductive polymers offer new possibilities for the heat dissipation in electric and electronic components, for example, by a three‐dimensional shaping of the heat sinks. To face safety regulations, improved fire performance of those components is required. In contrast to unfilled polymers, those materials exhibit an entirely different thermal behavior. To investigate the flammability, a phosphorus flame retardant was incorporated into thermally conductive composites of polyamide 6 and hexagonal boron nitride. The flame retardant decreased the thermal conductivity only slightly. However, the burning behavior changed significantly, due to a different heat propagation, which was investigated using a thermographic camera. An optimum content of hexagonal boron nitride for a sufficient thermal conductivity and fire performance was found between 20 and 30 vol%. The improvement of the fire performance was due to a faster heat release out of the pyrolysis zone and an earlier decomposition of the flame retardant. For higher contents of hexagonal boron nitride, the heat was spread faster within the part, promoting an earlier ignition and increasing the decomposition rate of the flame retardant.

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“…PA6 and its compounds with hBN decomposed in a one‐step process. The observations concerning the use of AlPi‐Et were in accordance with the literature …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Heat propagation in thermally conductive polymers of PA6 and hexagonal boron nitride

et al. 2019

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“…The degradation of pure PBT, at 420 °C (Figure (a)) during the maximum of decomposition of PBT, releases butadiene, benzoic acid, butyl benzoate, CO 2 , and CO as main volatile decomposition products in accordance with the literature .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The thermal decomposition of PBT has been widely studied by TGA-FTIR [32,33] or Py-GC/MS [34,35]. The degradation of PBT during pyrolysis is initiated by random scissions of the ester bonds [36].…”

Section: Thermal Degradation and Flammability Of Mdh-filled And Mgo-fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation of polyesters filled with magnesium dihydroxide and magnesium oxide

et al. 2015

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Summary Magnesium dihydroxide (MDH) was evaluated as char promoter into different polymers exhibiting various chemical structures. Char promotion was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimetry. Gases released during pyrolysis were identified using pyrolysis coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis coupled Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Relationships between the MDH effect (according to the char content and its thermal stability) and the chemical structure of the host polymers were identified. It was shown that MDH can be a good char promoter for aromatic polyesters such as polybutylene terephtalate and polyethylene terephtalate. Char promotion can be considered as one of the main mode‐of‐action of MDH at low or moderate filler content. An optimum was observed at approximately 20wt.% of MDH. Magnesium oxide was also studied as substitute to MDH to avoid hydrolysis phenomena due to the water release. But it was demonstrated that MDH was more efficient as a char promoter for polybutylene terephtalate than magnesium oxide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…In previous attempts to improve the flame retardancy of aliphatic polyesters, DOPO substituents were connected to a hydroquinone core and the core was glycolized to form the diol monomer DOPO‐HQ‐GE (10‐[2,5‐bis(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐phenyl]‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐pospha‐phenanthrene‐10‐oxide; alternative name: 2,2′‐[[2‐(6 H ‐dibenz[ c,e ][1,2]‐oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)‐1,4‐phenylene]‐bis(oxy)] bis[ethanol])) . The resulting polyester with terephthaloyl units (polymer from dimethyl terephthalate and DOPO‐HQ‐GE, named in this work P(P‐T)) showed high flame retardancy potential with a balance between gas phase action, condensed phase action, and intumescence, and worked well as a flame retardant in PBT . However, P(P‐T) is not optimal as a FR for aliphatic polyesters because its softening range is too high, due to the T g of 146 °C, and does not match the melting range of aliphatic polyesters .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐Containing Polymer Flame Retardants for Aliphatic Polyesters

Schwarzer

Korwitz

Komber

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

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Polyesters with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxy‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐containing comonomers are synthesized aiming to improve the flame retardancy of aliphatic polyesters such as poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene sebacate). The influence of the chemical structure on the thermal decomposition and pyrolysis is examined using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and microscale combustion flow calorimetry. Thermal decomposition pathways are derived and used to select suitable candidates as flame retardants for PBS. The fire behavior of the selected polymers is evaluated by forced‐flaming combustion in a cone calorimeter. The materials show two modes of action for flame retardancy: strong flame inhibition due to the release of a variety of molecules combined with charring in the solid state.

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Phosphorus Polyester — an Alternative to Low‐Molecular‐Weight Flame Retardants in Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)?

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Heat propagation in thermally conductive polymers of PA6 and hexagonal boron nitride

Heat propagation in thermally conductive polymers of PA6 and hexagonal boron nitride

Thermal degradation of polyesters filled with magnesium dihydroxide and magnesium oxide

Phosphorus‐Containing Polymer Flame Retardants for Aliphatic Polyesters

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