Phosphorus–Oxygen-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution and Photocatalytic Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation

Wang, Bingdi; Bai, Chengkun; Wang, Zhida; She, Ping; Sun, Hang; Lu, Guolong; Liang, Song; Liu, Zhenning

doi:10.1021/acsaem.2c00099

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Ammonium salts (NH 4 Cl, (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 , C 6 H 5 O 7 (NH 4 ) 3 , NH 4 VO 3 , (NH 4 , H) n +2P n O 3n+1 , (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 ) are used for the preparation of cyano-rich g-C 3 N 4 because of their powerful role as gas templating agents. [22,39,43,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175] The dry powder of the mixture obtained by Zhang et al after dispersion of dicyandiamide with ammonium chloride in an aqueous solution was calcined at 550 °C for 4 h (muffle furnace), and then calcined at distinct temperatures under nitrogen to obtain the final samples (DCNNS-450, DCNNS-500, DCNNS-550 and DCNNS-600) (Figure 9a). The prepared cyano-modified g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets showed a 2.4-fold increase in the activity of oxidative coupling of benzylamine to imine underneath visible light drive, which was mainly owing to the introduction of cyano, and the construction of homojunction-like structures in the cyano-modified g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets, which could promote the generation of hot carriers and thus the superoxide radicals.…”

Section: Ammonium Salt Etching Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonium salts (NH 4 Cl, (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 , C 6 H 5 O 7 (NH 4 ) 3 , NH 4 VO 3 , (NH 4 , H) n +2P n O 3n+1 , (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 ) are used for the preparation of cyano‐rich g‐C 3 N 4 because of their powerful role as gas templating agents. [ 22,39,43,167–175 ] The dry powder of the mixture obtained by Zhang et al. after dispersion of dicyandiamide with ammonium chloride in an aqueous solution was calcined at 550 °C for 4 h (muffle furnace), and then calcined at distinct temperatures under nitrogen to obtain the final samples (DCNNS‐450, DCNNS‐500, DCNNS‐550 and DCNNS‐600) ( Figure a).…”

Section: Creation Of Cyano‐rich G‐c3n4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyano‐Rich g‐C₃N₄ in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Jing,

Xu,

Xie

et al. 2023

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Cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials are widely used in various fields of photochemistry due to the very powerful electron‐absorbing ability and electron storage function of cyano, as well as its advantages in improving light absorption, adjusting the energy band structure, increasing the polarization rate and electron density in the structure, active site concentration, and promoting oxygen activation ability. Notwithstanding, there is yet a huge knowledge break in the design, preparation, detection, application, and prospect of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4. Accordingly, an overall review is arranged to substantially comprehend the research progress and position of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials. An overall overview of the current research position in the synthesis, characterization (determination of their location and quantity), application, and reaction mechanism analysis of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials to provide a quantity of novel suggestions for cyano‐modified carbon nitride materials' construction is provided. In view of the prevailing challenges and outlooks of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4 materials, this paper will purify the growth direction of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4, to achieve a more in‐depth exploration and broaden the applications of cyano‐rich g‐C3N4.

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Section: Ammonium Salt Etching Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creation Of Cyano‐rich G‐c3n4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyano‐Rich g‐C₃N₄ in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Jing,

Xu,

Xie

et al. 2023

Small

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“…Binary heteroatom doping could integrate the advantage of a single dopant, thus synergistically benefiting the photocatalytic activity [ 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. The detailed structure and performance comparison of binary heteroatom-co-doped gCN-based catalysts is listed in Table 7 .…”

Section: Heteroatom-doped Porous Carbon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Metal-Doped Porous Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Green Hydrogen Production

Lü

Abdelgawad

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Photocatalytic green hydrogen (H2) production through water electrolysis is deemed as green, efficient, and renewable fuel or energy carrier due to its great energy density and zero greenhouse emissions. However, developing efficient and low-cost noble-metal-free photocatalysts remains one of the daunting challenges in low-cost H2 production. Porous graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanostructures have drawn broad multidisciplinary attention as metal-free photocatalysts in the arena of H2 production and other environmental remediation. This is due to their impressive catalytic/photocatalytic properties (i.e., high surface area, narrow bandgap, and visible light absorption), unique physicochemical durability, tunable electronic properties, and feasibility to synthesize in high yield from inexpensive and earth-abundant resources. The physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of porous gCNs can be easily optimized via the integration of earth-abundant heteroatoms. Although there are various reviews on porous gCN-based photocatalysts for various applications, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reviews on heteroatom-doped porous gCN nanostructures for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER). It is essential to provide timely updates in this research area to highlight the research related to fabrication of novel gCNs for large-scale applications and address the current barriers in this field. This review emphasizes a panorama of recent advances in the rational design of heteroatom (i.e., P, O, S, N, and B)-doped porous gCN nanostructures including mono, binary, and ternary dopants for photocatalytic HERs and their optimized parameters. This is in addition to H2 energy storage, non-metal configuration, HER fundamental, mechanism, and calculations. This review is expected to inspire a new research entryway to the fabrication of porous gCN-based photocatalysts with ameliorated activity and durability for practical H2 production.

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Surface chemistry of graphitic carbon nitride: doping and plasmonic effect, and photocatalytic applications

Babu,

Park,

Park

2023

Surf. Sci. Tech.

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To achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG7) of limiting global temperature rise to less than 1.5 °C, it is crucial to reduce non-renewable energy sources and curb the production of greenhouse gases like CO2. In this context, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a promising metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst for converting solar energy into clean fuels and valuable chemicals. However, there are challenges associated with g-C3N4, such as high electron–hole recombination, low photocurrent generation, limited specific surface area, and an absorption edge below 450 nm, which can be attributed to the arrangement of monomeric units. This review focuses on recent developments in designing single g-C3N4 as a metal-free catalyst through atomic-level doping and tuning surface chemical properties. Various doping techniques, including nonmetal and bi-nonmetal doping, as well as vacancy creation within the polymer framework and the effect of surface plasmonic nanoparticles, are explored as effective ways to fine-tune the polymer's conduction band (CB) edge potential, bandgap, and structural properties. The impact of doping and vacancy creation on the distribution of molecular orbitals, density of states (DOS), and adsorption energy on the polymer surface is investigated using computational calculations based on first principles and density functional theory (DFT). The review also examines the influence of doping on the photocatalytic reactions occurring in the polymer's CB, such as water splitting and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, and their selectivity in producing desired products. Last, the review summarizes the current challenges. It provides future perspectives on developing metal-free photocatalysts, emphasizing the need to address unresolved structural, electronic, chemical, and optical properties to advance sustainable solutions. Overall, it is hoped that this review will inspire further research to unlock the full potential of metal-free photocatalysts and contribute to a more sustainable future. Graphical Abstract

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Phosphorus–Oxygen-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution and Photocatalytic Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Cyano‐Rich g‐C₃N₄ in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Cyano‐Rich g‐C₃N₄ in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Non-Metal-Doped Porous Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Green Hydrogen Production

Surface chemistry of graphitic carbon nitride: doping and plasmonic effect, and photocatalytic applications

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Phosphorus–Oxygen-Codoped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution and Photocatalytic Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Cyano‐Rich g‐C3N4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Cyano‐Rich g‐C3N4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Non-Metal-Doped Porous Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Green Hydrogen Production

Surface chemistry of graphitic carbon nitride: doping and plasmonic effect, and photocatalytic applications

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Product

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Cyano‐Rich g‐C₃N₄ in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Cyano‐Rich g‐C₃N₄ in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects