Phosphorus/oxygen co-doping in hollow-tube-shaped carbon nitride for efficient simultaneous visible-light-driven water splitting and biorefinery

Photo-splitting xylose and xylan to xylonic acid and carbon monoxide

“…However, most studies for the synchronous production of chemicals and H 2 from the biomass aqueous solution were reported, in which H 2 generated from water splitting and biomass served as a sacrificial agent. 7–11 However, for the CO, when no additional carbon source was added, CO could be generated via the selective oxidation of biomass only. For example, Wang et al reported that CO could be generated from glycerol via Cu/TiO 2 under the irradiation of LED light (365 nm), giving 0.06 mmol g −1 h −1 of CO evolution.…”

Carbon quantum dots anchored on 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazole-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene for efficient selective photo splitting of biomass-derived sugars into lactic acid

“…The ability of the material to bind electrons is correlated with φ . 8,35 The VB is calculated using the equation: E VB ( vs. vacuum) = φ + E SECO , where E SECO is the secondary electron cut-off energy (Fig. 3C inner diagram).…”

“…As is well known, pH plays an important role in biomass conversion, and the previous reports indicated that neutral or acidic environment was not conducive to the photocatalytic synthesis of lactic acid. 8,12,15 Here, the effects of different KOH concentrations on the photocatalytic synthesis of lactic acid were investigated. As shown in Fig.…”

“…Although good yields were achieved, most of them suffered from a slow reaction process, high energy consumption and harsh reaction conditions. 8–10 To address these issues, some works reported that photocatalytic synthesis of lactic acid was achieved with the merits of mild reaction conditions and short reaction time, which was accompanied by the development of some photocatalysts ( e.g. , CC 1 @ m CN x , CuO@CS–H, Cu/Cu 2 O/CuO@CA and Bi/Bi 2 O 3 @N-BC).…”

Highly crystalline sulfur and oxygen co-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets as an advanced photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation

“…Among all the doping elements, nonmetal oxygen doped g-C 3 N 4 is one of the effective ways to extend the visible-light absorption and regulate the intrinsic electronic characteristics and band structure of g-C 3 N 4 , thereby leading to an enhancement of its photocatalytic activities. [26][27][28] Recent reports have revealed that a higher photocatalytic H 2 production can be achieved by co-doping of binary nonmetal atoms into the lattice of g-C 3 N 4 , such as C, O co-doped g-C 3 N 4 , 29 B, O co-doped g-C 3 N 4 , 30 P, O co-doped g-C 3 N 4 , 31 and N, O co-doped g-C 3 N 4 . 32 In addition, S, O co-doped g-C 3 N 4 was fabricated via one-step thermal condensation of a mixture of urea and thiourea and was employed as an efficient photocatalyst in the degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides in water.…”