Phosphorus Nutrition of Italian Ryegrass Relative to Growth, Moisture Content, and Mineral Constituents<sup>1</sup>

Hylton, L. O.; Ulrich, Albert; Cornelius, Donald R.; Okhi, K.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700050032x

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Razmjoo and Kaneko (1992), however, observed an increase in growth of perennial ryegrass when they used pots, whereas this experiment was under field conditions where a relatively low applied-K rate was sufficient since they found no increase in growth for rates greater than 350 kg K/ha. Holben (1952) concluded that turfgrasses may not always show a visual growth response to K fertilization, whereas Hylton et al (1965) and Lunt et al (1967) found that P deficiency reduced the growth of the turfgrass which responded to P only when the soil-P level was low (<5 ppm). Thus, the overall affect of nutrient treatments on growth of perennial ryegrass agreed with these previous findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Razmjoo

Kaneko

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium prenne L.) has been introduced to Japan as a cool season turfgrass. In spite of relatively mild winter in most parts of the country, it still goes to winter dormancy. A well-balanced fertility ratio and rate may prevent such dormancy without causing winter injury. Therefore, this experiment was designed to find a balanced rate and ratio among nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) fertilizers in order to prevent winter dormancy and promote growth during the winter in Japan. Yorktown 2 perennial ryegrass was used in this experiment. Nitrogen and K application rates were 50,150,250, 350, 450, 550, and 650 kg K/ha; whereas P rates were 50, 150, and 250 kg P/ha. These rates were applied in 30 different ratios. Growth, color, and density of the turf were estimated and used as the parameters for finding a suitable rate and ratio for these three major nutrients. Color, density, and growth were increased as the rate of N fertilizer increased, but there was no visual response to P or K rates. It is suggested that increases in color, density, and growth were function of N rates, whereas K and P rates maintained the cold hardiness of the turf when high N rates were applied under the conditions of this experiment. Fertility ratio and the rates of 450 kg N/ha, 250 kg K/ha, and 50 kg P/ha were sufficient to prevent dormancy, promote growth, and produce good quality turf throughout the winter. Thus, it is concluded that fertility ratios and rates are the main factors limiting growth and quality of perennial ryegrass in transitional zones similar to Japan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Razmjoo

Kaneko

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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“…Plant Al concentrations (21-80 mg kg 21 ) were within the range of common (nontoxic) plant Al concentrations (10-1000 mg kg 21 ) reported by Pais and Jones (1997). Arthington et al (2002) also found an average Al concentration of (Hylton et al 1965;Kincheloe et al 1987;USDA 1996;Arthington 2002). In addition, and most importantly, no visual symptoms of Al toxicity were observed in any treatment throughout the study.…”

Section: Aluminum Phytotoxicity (Glasshouse Study)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Land Application of Aluminum Water Treatment Residual: Aluminum Phytoavailability and Forage Yield

Oladeji

Sartain

O’Connor

2009

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Negative impacts of land-applied aluminum (Al)-rich water treatment residuals (WTRs), which have been suggested to improve soil phosphorus (P) sorption, could include excessive immobilization of plant-available P and Al phytotoxicity. We studied the impacts of an Al-rich WTRs on agronomic returns and plant Al concentrations in glasshouse and field studies. The glasshouse study was a 4 6 2 6 3 factorial experiment with one control in a randomized complete block design and three replicates. Four sources of P were each applied at two agronomic rate [44 kg P ha 21 , P-based rate; and 179 kg plant-available nitrogen (PAN) ha 21 , N-based rate] to topsoil (0-15 cm) of a sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Alaquods. Three WTR rates (0, 10, and 25 g kg 21 ovendry-weight basis) were further applied, whereas the control received neither P source nor WTRs. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluggae), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and a second bahiagrass crop were continuously grown in succession for 18 months. Applied WTRs increased soil Al but not plant Al concentrations (22-80 mg Al kg 21 ), which fell within the normal concentration range for pasture plants. In the glasshouse, when WTRs were incorporated with the soil, bahiagrass dry matter (DM) accumulation was reduced, but ryegrass DM was not affected even at 25 g kg 21 WTR. A 2-year field study, with same treatments but two rates of WTRs (0 and 10 g kg 21 WTR) surface applied to established bahiagrass on the same soil type (Spodosols) showed neither reduced yields nor increased plant Al 1483 phytoavailability in the WTR treatments. The studies show no increase in plant Al is associated with Al-WTRs applied to reduce excess soil-soluble P and P losses but plant DM accumulation may be reduced.

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“…The plant tissue concentrations also indicated sufficient P available for plant growth, even in the ryegrass (second) cropping. The tissue P concentrations in all of the treatments exceeded 1.0 g kg 21 , indicated to be sufficient for ryegrass growth by Hylton et al (1965). The soil P values correlated better with plant P concentrations and P uptake than with dry-matter yields (Table 2).…”

Section: Soil-test P and Plant Responsementioning

confidence: 93%

Soil‐Test Methods for Florida Sands Treated with an Aluminum–Water Treatment Residual and Various Phosphorus Sources

Oladeji

Sartain

O’Connor

2008

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Use of aluminum (Al)-rich water treatment residuals (Al-WTR) has been suggested as a practice to immobilize excessive phosphorus (P) in Florida soils that could represent an environmental hazard. Fertilizer P requirements can differ in WTR-amended and unamended soil, so careful selection of soil-testing methodology is necessary. Acidic extractants can dissolve WTR sorbed P and overestimate plant-available P. We evaluated the suitability of the Mehlich 1 P (M-1P) and other agronomic soil-test procedures in an Al-WTR-treated Florida soil. Bahiagrass (paspalum notatum Fluggae), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and a second bahiagrass crop were grown in succession in a Florida topsoil amended with four sources of P at 44 kg P ha 21 (P-based rates) and 179 kg PAN ha 21 [nitrogen (N)-based rates] and three WTR rates (0, 10, and 25 g kg 21 oven-dry basis). Both water-extractable P (WEP) and iron (Fe) strip P (ISP), but not M-1P, values of soil sampled at planting of each grass were greater in the absence than in the presence of WTR. Total plant P uptake correlated with WEP (r 2 5 0.82 *** ) and ISP (r 2 5 0.75 *** ), but not M-1P (r 2 5 0.34 *** ). Correlations of the drymatter yield, P concentration, and P uptake of the first bahiagrass were also better with WEP and ISP than with M-1P values. However, regression of plant responses with M-1P improved after the first crop of bahiagrass. Both WEP and ISP values were better predictors of available soil P than M-1P in a field study with same four P sources surface applied to established bahiagrass at the same 2619 two P rates, with and without WTR. Both WEP and ISP are recommended as predictors of P adequacy in soils treated with WTR, especially for soils recently (, 5 months) treated with Al-WTR.

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Phosphorus Nutrition of Italian Ryegrass Relative to Growth, Moisture Content, and Mineral Constituents¹

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Land Application of Aluminum Water Treatment Residual: Aluminum Phytoavailability and Forage Yield

Soil‐Test Methods for Florida Sands Treated with an Aluminum–Water Treatment Residual and Various Phosphorus Sources

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Phosphorus Nutrition of Italian Ryegrass Relative to Growth, Moisture Content, and Mineral Constituents1

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Land Application of Aluminum Water Treatment Residual: Aluminum Phytoavailability and Forage Yield

Soil‐Test Methods for Florida Sands Treated with an Aluminum–Water Treatment Residual and Various Phosphorus Sources

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Phosphorus Nutrition of Italian Ryegrass Relative to Growth, Moisture Content, and Mineral Constituents¹