Phosphorus–nitrogen‐type fire‐retardant vinyl ester resin with good comprehensive properties

Abstract

In this study, a series of fire‐retardant vinyl ester resins (VERs) were obtained via the copolymerization of phosphorus–nitrogen‐containing acrylate [1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)–acrylic acid (AA)–9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)] and the widely used vinyl ester resin 901 (901‐VER). The influences of the TGIC–AA–DOPO additive amount on 901‐VER were comprehensively evaluated via the measurement of the flame retardancy, thermal performance, and mechanical properties. In the case of 30 and 40% TGIC–AA–DOPO, the thermosets acquired limited oxygen index values of 30.8 and 31.7%, respectively, and reached vertical burning (UL‐94) ratings of V‐1 and V‐0, respectively. In addition, their peak heat‐release rates, average heat‐release rates, total heat release values, average effective heats of combustion, and total smoke productions decreased significantly. These results demonstrated the great progress of 901‐VER in fireproofing performance. More importantly, the flame‐retardant VER thermosets showed good thermal properties and castings, and glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites based on the developed fire‐retardant VERs possessed comparable tensile strength, flexural strength, and better tensile modulus comparing to those based on neat 901‐VER when the TGIC–AA–DOPO amount was no greater than 30%. From an integrated perspective, 901‐VER with 30% TGIC–AA–DOPO was the best desired. The excellent flame retardancy, thermal performance, and mechanical properties promise the as‐obtained VER important applicable values. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47997.

Fire-retardant unsaturated polyester thermosets: The state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities

“…3. a) Chemical structure of FR monomers were used to synthesise an intrinsic fire-retardant UP: HCHDA [32], TBPA [33], TCPA [33], TBBA [34], BMP [35], DOPO-MA [36], DDP [37]; b) Chemical structure of vinyl comonomers for fire-retardant UP systems: DASPP [38], DMVBP [39], EACGP [40], PDAP [41], ODOPB-AC [42], TAOPO [43], DHP [43], TAP [44], TDCAA-DOPO [45], DTAP [44], DT [46], TGICAA-DOPO [47], BADPS [48], MVDOS [49]. reduced flexural strength from 24.21 MPa to 18.34 MPa.…”

“…Although, incorporation of 20 wt% and 30 wt% increased the LOI significantly to 27.2% and 29.8 %, the UL-94 rating only reached V-1 with 30 wt% of modifier. Another comonomer trialled has been the phosphorus-nitrogen-containing acrylate, 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)acrylic acid (AA)-DOPO (TGIC-AA-DOPO) [47]. When added to a vinyl ester resin at 40% a V-0 rating and LOI of 31.7% was achieved, despite a significant reduction in flexural and tensile strength.…”

Barrier Effects of Cellulosic Fibers with Hybrid Coating Based on Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework

“…Cotton, a natural cellulosic fiber, is popular in the textile industry with a long history due to its superior characteristics of moisture permeability and comfort-dressing [ 1 ]. However, compared with wool, silk, and some synthetic fibers, the flash point and ignition point of cellulosic fibers are lower with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 18.4% [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], which are considered as flammable or combustible materials that can easily cause fire accidents, environmental hazards, personal injury, and property losses [ 5 ]. Based on the newest report of the World Fire Statistics by International Association of Fire and Rescue Services (CTIF), an average of 3.7 million fires and 40,800 fire deaths per year were recorded in participating countries by fire services from 1993–2019.…”

Improved mechanical and flame resistance properties of vinyl ester resin composites by lithium containing polyhedral oligomeric phenyl silsesquioxane

“…Vinyl ester resin (VER), the reaction product of an epoxy oligomer and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, is the typical representative of unsaturated polyester resins. [ 1–4 ] The viscosity of the resin is determined by its molar mass and styrene content. [ 5,6 ] The terminal reactive double bonds endow the resin with high reactivity.…”