Phosphorus/Nitrogen Grafted Lignin as a Biobased Flame Retardant for Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Farishi, Salman; Rifathin, Annisa; Ramadhoni, Benni F.

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0950-6_65

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The addition of 12.5% of modified lignin resulted in a significant increase in thermal stability compared to neat lignin. However, it was shown that the amount of char residue did not differ that much [78].…”

Section: 𝐻𝑃𝑂 + 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑟 ⎯⎯ 𝐻𝑃𝑂 + 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟mentioning

confidence: 96%

Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants

2021

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This paper presents a review of flame retardants used for glass/polyester laminates. It concerns flame retardants withdrawn from use such as compounds containing halogen atoms and flame retardants currently used in the industry, such as inorganic hydroxides, phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compounds, antimony, and boron compounds, as well as tin–zinc compounds. Attention is also drawn to the use of nanoclays and the production of nanocomposites, intumescent flame retardant systems, and mats, as well as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The paper discusses the action mechanism of particular flame retardants and presents their advantages and disadvantages.

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Section: 𝐻𝑃𝑂 + 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑟 ⎯⎯ 𝐻𝑃𝑂 + 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟mentioning

confidence: 96%

Modification of Glass/Polyester Laminates with Flame Retardants

2021

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“…A study on functionalized lignin was conducted by Farishi et al [89]. Lignin was modified using polyethyleneimine and diphosphorus pentaoxide to form PN-lignin.…”

Section: Bio-based Frs For Unsaturated Polyester Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Bio-Based Additive Flame Retardants for Thermosetting Resins

Dowbysz

Samsonowicz

Kukfisz

2022

IJERPH

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Thermosetting resins are used in many applications due to their great mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability. However, the flammability of thermosets needs to be improved to minimize fire risk and meet fire safety regulations. Some commercially available flame retardants have an adverse effect on people’s health and the environment. Thus, the development of novel, more sustainable flame retardants obtained or derived from biomass has become an objective of contemporary research. The objective of this study is to summarize recent progress on bio-based flame retardants for thermosetting resins so as to promote their prompt development. Groups of biomass compounds with a potential for flame retardant industrial applications were introduced, and their thermal degradation was investigated. The authors focused mostly on the thermal degradation of composites containing bio-based flame retardants determined by thermogravimetric analysis, their tendency to sustain a flame determined by a limiting oxygen index, and fire behavior determined by a cone calorimeter test. The results showed that the mode of action is mostly based on the forming of the char layer. However, in many cases, there is still a necessity to input a high amount of additive to achieve significant flame retardancy effects, which may adversely impact mechanical properties.

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