Phosphorus influences annual bluegrass competitiveness at seeding in perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass

McNally, Brandon C.; Elmore, Matthew T.; Kowalewski, Alec; Cain, Alyssa B.

doi:10.1002/agg2.20321

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In experiment 5, digital image analysis used to quantify turfgrass establishment from seed was highly correlated ( p < 0.001 and R ‐square = 0.92) to point intercept grid counts (Figure 4). Turfgrass coverage (%) from point intercept grid counts was typically higher than digital image analysis and more closely aligned to a visual estimate of coverage (data not shown; McNally et al., 2021). This may be due to the software in the digital image analysis detecting darker turfgrass leaves shadowed underneath other turfgrass leaves and quantifying them as “non‐green” when there is turfgrass in the pixel.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

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Comparing methods to quantify cover in turfgrass research

et al. 2023

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Turfgrass cover can be assessed qualitatively using visual ratings, but quantitative turfgrass cover measurements are desired for producing unbiased data. Digital image analysis and point intercept are two quantitative percent cover data collection methods used in turfgrass research. A potential weakness of digital image analysis is the difficulty in evaluating color variation. Considering this, a series of controlled environment and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the point intercept method compared to using a digital grid, digital image analysis, and visual ratings when utilized in turfgrass research. To explore this topic, four experiments were conducted in Corvallis, OR, and one in New Brunswick, NJ. Results from research conducted in Corvallis, OR, determined that the closest point intercept spacing (2.5 cm) resulted in a percent cover that was not statistically different from the known cover and the lowest variance, but the greatest amount of time required to collect the data. Digital image analysis was the most consistent method for measuring percent cover when a known percent cover was being quantified. The estimate of the percent dollar spot cover was reduced by a single pigment application regardless of the data collection method. In the absence of pigment applications, the point intercept frame, digital image analysis, and visual ratings were well‐correlated methods used to assess dollar spot cover. Digital image analysis was not correlated with the other data collection methods when used to evaluate percent anthracnose cover. The research conducted in New Brunswick, NJ, determined that the point intercept method and digital image analysis are well‐correlated methods for quantifying turfgrass establishment from seed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Findings related to creeping bentgrass, and annual bluegrass establishment competition affected by phosphorus rates can be found in the work produced by McNally et al. (2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparing methods to quantify cover in turfgrass research

et al. 2023

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“…In the low pH soil, AB cover increased with P application rate from 3 kg ha −1 (18%) to 6 kg ha −1 (34%) to 9 kg ha −1 (42%), while 9 and 12 kg ha −1 of applied P had similar AB cover (42%–44%). Previous research found the greatest difference in AB response is typically between no P and the lowest P rate, with little differences thereafter (Kuo, 1993a; Lodge et al., 1990; McNally et al., 2022; Raley et al., 2013). However, previous research utilized much higher P rates (∼11 to 200 kg ha −1 P) and larger increments between rates than this study; previous research had suggested lower P rates may be required to reduce AB cover.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…P is typically applied during seeded turfgrass establishment as it enhances seedling vigor, growth, and tillering (Frank & Guertal, 2013); however, it also promotes germination and establishment of AB from seed (Carrow et al., 2001; Nam‐Il et al., 2001). Previous research indicates low P rate applications to P‐deficient soils can reduce AB establishment from seed while providing sufficient vigor and health of CB establishing from seed (McNally et al., 2022). Increasing soil acidity will reduce AB germination (Ferguson, 1936), but there is little information on how soil acidity affects CB germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass tiller response to phosphate fertilizer and soil pH

McNally,

Elmore,

Murphy

et al. 2023

Crop Science

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Creeping bentgrass (CB; Agrostis stolonifera L.) grows well in low P soils in monoculture, however, the soil P concentration range that provides CB an advantage over annual bluegrass (AB; Poa annua L.) in mixed swards is unknown. The objective of this research was to determine how phosphorus and soil pH influence species composition when AB and CB are established from tillers in polyculture. Replicate greenhouse experiments evaluated five P rates (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg ha−1 P via triple superphosphate) and two soil pH levels (5.6 and 7.1). The highest P rate in the high pH soil resulted in the most AB cover (61%). Phosphate applied at 3 kg ha−1 P in the low pH soil provided the greatest CB cover (72%), which was 5‐fold greater than AB cover. All P‐receiving treatments in the low pH soil had similar green cover, but a species advantage for CB was only observed in the 3 kg ha−1 P treatment. Turfgrass quality was greatest when ≥ 6 kg ha−1 P was applied to low pH soil but was only slightly reduced at 3 kg ha−1 P. Regardless of pH, withholding P resulted in the lowest AB cover (< 4%); however, these treatments resulted in poor turfgrass quality and low green cover (< 30%). Aboveground shoot biomass increased linearly with P rate and was greater at the lower pH. In moderately acidic sand, AB was less competitive than CB when Mehlich‐3 P ranged from 4 to 6 mg kg−1.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…Related to these topics, extension educators have ample research manuscripts available as resources to build extension materials. For example, research on cultural practices in cool-season turfgrass systems has determined that minimal nitrogen and phosphorus rates, and more infrequent irrigation will minimize annual bluegrass populations (Cain et al, 2021;Kowalewski et al, 2022;McNally et al, 2022). In reference to annual bluegrass biology and physiology, findings produced by La Mantia and Huff (2011) were that annual bluegrass morphology and life cycle are plastic and strongly influenced by environment and cultural practices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using survey results to direct future extension efforts in annual bluegrass management

Kowalewski,

Mattox,

Brosnan

et al. 2023

Natural Sciences Education

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Controlling unwanted annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in desirable turfgrass species often relies heavily on herbicide use. As a result, increasing populations of herbicide‐resistant annual bluegrass have become a concern. In 2018, a university research and extension initiative began addressing the increasing herbicide resistant annual bluegrass epidemic. Preliminary findings produced by this research initiative were presented to golf course employees at the 2022 Golf Course Superintendents Association of American (GCSAA) Educational Conference in San Diego, CA. Findings were presented by a panel of scientists working on various annual bluegrass research sub‐objectives. A survey was designed to match the sub‐objectives within this panel presentation and determine what recommendations the attendees were most likely to use. The survey also identified environmental zones where participants originated and what turfgrass species they are managing in various areas of the golf course. The goal of sharing these survey findings is to assist turfgrass extension specialists and managers interested in designing annual bluegrass management programs that match stakeholder needs. Survey results determined that extension material pertaining to controlling annual bluegrass with cultural practices would interest the largest stakeholder cross section regardless of environmental turfgrass zone. Another major topic was annual bluegrass emergence patterns for herbicide timing, which was the most important or interesting topic for golf course employees in the warm‐season turfgrass environmental zone.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Phosphorus influences annual bluegrass competitiveness at seeding in perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Comparing methods to quantify cover in turfgrass research

Comparing methods to quantify cover in turfgrass research

Annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass tiller response to phosphate fertilizer and soil pH

Using survey results to direct future extension efforts in annual bluegrass management

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