Phosphorus in Urban Sewage Sludges as Assessed by Isotopic Exchange

Frossard, Emmanuel; Sinaj, Sokrat; Dufour, Patrice

doi:10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010029x

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The term ‘labile P’ as used in this paper describes the total isotopically available pool of P, and represents the sum of isotopically exchangeable P in the solid phase and soluble P (i.e., P in solution phase) (Hamon et al, 2002). The isotopic dilution technique has been widely employed for estimating the labile pool of P in soils, often termed the ‘E‐value’ (e.g., Talibudeen, 1957; Tran et al, 1988; Morel and Plenchette, 1994; Tuominen et al, 1998; Bertrand et al, 2006), as well as P availability in different fertilizer sources (e.g., Hendricks and Dean, 1947; Frossard et al, 1996; Zapata and Zaharah, 2002; Mohanty et al, 2006). This technique was used to monitor the changes in lability of WTR immobilized P as affected by the aging process, and changes in soil pH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lability of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals (WTR) Immobilized Phosphorus

Agyin‐Birikorang

O’Connor

2007

J of Env Quality

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Time constraints associated with conducting long-term (>20 yr) field experiments to test the stability of drinking water treatment residuals (WTR) sorbed phosphorus (P) inhibit improved understanding of the fate of sorbed P in soils when important soil properties (e.g., pH) change. We used artificially aged samples to evaluate aging and pH effects on lability of WTR-immobilized P. Artificial aging was achieved through incubation at elevated temperatures (46 or 70 degrees C) for 4.5 yr, and through repeated wetting and drying for 2 yr. Using a modified isotopic ((32)P) dilution technique, coupled with a stepwise acidification procedure, we monitored changes in labile P concentrations over time. This technique enabled evaluation of the effect of pH on the lability of WTR-immobilized P. Within the pH range of 4 to 7, WTR amendment, coupled with artificial aging, ultimately reduced labile P concentrations by > or = 75% relative to the control (no-WTR) samples. Soil samples with different physicochemical properties from two 7.5-yr-old, one-time WTR-amended field sites were utilized to validate the trends observed with the artificially aged samples. Despite the differences in physicochemical properties among the three (two field-aged and one artificially aged) soil samples, similar trends of aging and pH effects on lability of WTR-immobilized P were observed. Labile P concentrations of the WTR-amended field-aged samples of the two sites decreased 6 mo after WTR amendment and the reduction persisted for 7.5 yr, ultimately resulting in > or = 70% reduction, compared to the control plots. We conclude that WTR application is capable of reducing labile P concentration in P-impacted soils, doing so for a long time, and that within the commonly encountered range of pH values for agricultural soils WTR-immobilized P should be stable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lability of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals (WTR) Immobilized Phosphorus

Agyin‐Birikorang

O’Connor

2007

J of Env Quality

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“…The latter is probably due to the removal of soluble P forms in the sludge during the dewatering process. Differences in P solubility between the sludges and the cattle manure may be due to differences in the proportions of sparingly soluble calcium phosphate compounds present (Sommers et al, 1976; Hinedi et al, 1989; Frossard et al, 1996). Since TSP is >95% soluble in water, the relative differences in the potential P release to runoff can be expected to be in the order TSP > LCS > LDS > DSC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in P transfer have been mostly related to site conditions and effects on runoff volumes, rather than to inherent differences in the relative P availabilities of the materials applied. For example, data presented by Frossard et al (1996) suggest differences in the P availability of different types of sewage sludge, depending on sludge treatment, which might affect their potential for P release in storm runoff. If such differences exist, which is supported by limited experimental data (McLeod and Hegg, 1984; Melanen et al, 1985), this may influence the types of P amendments, or application rates, used in different areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Transfer in Runoff Following Application of Fertilizer, Manure, and Sewage Sludge

2001

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Phosphorus (P) transfer in surface runoff from field plots receiving either no P, triplesuperphoshate (TSP), liquid cattle manure (LCS), liquid anaerobically digested sludge (LDS), or dewatered sludge cake (DSC) was compared over a 2-yr period. Dissolved inorganic P concentrations in runoff increased from 0.1 to 0.2 mg L(-1) on control and sludge-treated plots to 3.8 and 6.5 mg L(-1) following application of LCS and TSP, respectively, to a cereal crop in spring. When incorporated into the soil in autumn, runoff dissolved P concentrations were typically < 0.5 mg L(-1) across all plots, and particulate P remained the dominant P form. When surface-applied in autumn to a consolidated seedbed, direct loss of LCS and LDS increased both runoff volume and P transfers, but release of dissolved P occurred only from LCS. The largest P concentrations (>70 mg L(-1)) were recorded following TSP application without any increase in runoff volume, while application of bulky DSC significantly reduced total P transfers by 70% compared with the control due to a reduced runoff volume. Treatment effects in each monitoring period were most pronounced in the first runoff event. Differences in the release of P from the different P sources were related to the amounts of P extracted by either water or sodium bicarbonate in the order TSP > LCS > LDS > DSC. The results suggest there is a lower risk of P transfer in land runoff following application of sludge compared with other agricultural P amendments at similar P rates.

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“…However, all of these methods are indirect and empirically related to P availability to plants; they vary in their extraction efficiency toward different P pools and none of them is widely accepted as sufficiently representative of the amount of available P. Moreover, the fact that P forms in soil vary rapidly following P input (e.g., via P fertilization, manure and sludge additions) frequently raises questions of validity (Castro and Torrent, 1995;Frossard et al, 1996;Qian and Schoenau, 2000). Hence, a direct test of P uptake by plants was suggested as a standard index for soil-P availability (Black, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid whole-plant bioassay for phosphorus phytoavailability in soils

2005

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Chemical P extraction from soils is an indirect and frequently questionable index for P availability. To monitor the dynamics of P availability in soils more directly following the application of P fertilizer, manure or sludge, a rapid, whole-plant bioassay was developed using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant P extracted in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 (P i ) and total P (P t ) concentration or content in stem, leaves or whole shoots were highly correlated (P < 0.01) with P fertilizer rates or water-soluble (WSP) or Olsen P in various soils, over wide ranges of soil P status. The whole-plant P i content was found to be as informative as the more complicated indices of P t or P i concentration. The assay was used to compare availability of fertilizer-P and sewage-sludge-P after incorporation into alluvial soil during 1-100 days of incubation. While both soil and plant indices had shown that fertilizer-P was more highly available than sewagesludge-P in each period, the bioassay was much more sensitive than the Olsen-P or WSP soil indices in showing P fixation and decrease of availability during incubation time. The bioassay is sufficiently rapid (5-12 days) to allow a study of short-term changes in soil-P availability following incorporation of various P additives, and it is applicable to a very wide range of P availability values (6-535 mg Olsen-P kg )1 ), extending from lower than desired for crop production to higher than permitted from an environmental standpoint.Abbreviations: DW -deionized water; NS -nutrition solution; OM -organic matter; P i -inorganic phosphate; P t -total phosphate; WSP -water-soluble phosphorus.

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Phosphorus in Urban Sewage Sludges as Assessed by Isotopic Exchange

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Lability of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals (WTR) Immobilized Phosphorus

Lability of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals (WTR) Immobilized Phosphorus

Phosphorus Transfer in Runoff Following Application of Fertilizer, Manure, and Sewage Sludge

Rapid whole-plant bioassay for phosphorus phytoavailability in soils

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