Phosphorus fertilization: A meta-analysis of 80 years of research in Finland

Валкама, Елена; Uusitalo, Risto; Ylivainio, Kari; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Туртола, Эйла

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.12.004

Cited by 97 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…During Z3 (*AD 1930(*AD -1994, some major changes occurred in the catchment and the lake: the introduction of vendace in the 1950s, resulting in high vendace abundances since the 1960s (Sarvala et al, 1998a), intensification of agriculture and increased use of chemical fertilisers after the Second World War (Valkama et al, 2009). Finally, in the early 1990s, the effect of climate change on the lake and its catchment became more evident, including changes in winter precipitation and nutrient load (Ventelä et al, 2011) and in lake temperature .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem change in the large and shallow Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi, Finland, during the past ~400 years: implications for management

et al. 2015

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Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi has been an important fishing site and drinking water source for the local population for centuries. The lake has undergone significant changes: (1) the water level was lowered in the 1600s and in the 1850s; (2) planktivorous coregonid fish were successfully introduced in the early 1900s; (3) nutrient input from intensified agriculture has increased since the 1950s and (4) the effects of the current variable climate on the lake and its catchment have become more evident since the 1990s. We determined the phases of oligotrophication, eutrophication and recovery and elucidated the ecosystem changes by combining palaeolimnological records with detailed neolimnological data. The sedimentary diatom and cladoceran assemblages first showed a relatively eutrophic period followed by oligotrophic periods, linked with the artificial changes in water level and consequent shifts in macrophyte abundance. The oligotrophic period in the early 1900s is thought to represent the target trophic state for the lake. After the 1950s, introduction of vendace resulted in higher planktivory reflected by an increased relative abundance of small-bodied pelagic cladocerans. Signs of eutrophication occurred due to increased nutrient load. During the last 10 years, signs of recovery have been recorded. A complex history such as that of Lake Pyhäjärvi illustrates the difficulties in selecting management targets, and the risk of setting false targets, for lakes based solely on monitoring data-both neolimnological and palaeolimnological approach are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem change in the large and shallow Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi, Finland, during the past ~400 years: implications for management

et al. 2015

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“…The role of reduced N use dominates over the effects of reduced P use. Eight decades of metadata did not show any yield decline when P-use rates were reduced compared to those implemented according to the AEP (Valkama et al 2009). On the other hand, genetic yield improvements in cultivars, which the metadata analyses integrated to all changes in agricultural practices over the decades, have been the highest for the AEP period, likely owing to the development of breeding techniques and screening methods.…”

Section: Changes In Agronomic Practices Contributing To Yield Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, change in sensitivity of crop responses to P fertilizers may also have changed. The yield response to P fertilizers tended to be slightly lower in the last three decades compared with previous decades according to Valkama et al (2009). Cassman and Harwood (1995) were concerned that if management, under the pressure of the prevailing economic-environmental framework, focuses on short-run profitability gains rather than long-run sustainability, it may be particularly hazardous for soil conditions that are hard to correct for later.…”

Section: Changes In Agronomic Practices Contributing To Yield Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Finland, due to excessive use of P fertilizers in earlier decades, P storage in soils is comprehensive (Saarela et al 2004). Hence, despite reducing P-fertilizer use substantially, soil-stored P may be sufficient to maintain crop yields (Valkama et al 2009, Tóth et al 2014, although the usability of soil P may decline over the time when the most soluble and easy-to-mobilize P has been used (Blake et al 2003). To date, reduced P-fertilizer use has not likely contributed to stagnant yields (Valkama et al 2009), or changed quality traits, which contrasts with the detrimental effects of the reduced N use illustrated in this study.…”

Section: Changes In Agronomic Practices Contributing To Yield Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, despite reducing P-fertilizer use substantially, soil-stored P may be sufficient to maintain crop yields (Valkama et al 2009, Tóth et al 2014, although the usability of soil P may decline over the time when the most soluble and easy-to-mobilize P has been used (Blake et al 2003). To date, reduced P-fertilizer use has not likely contributed to stagnant yields (Valkama et al 2009), or changed quality traits, which contrasts with the detrimental effects of the reduced N use illustrated in this study. In conclusion, a large-scale national survey of Finnish farms committed to the AEP showed that the reduced use of N coincided with and also likely contributed to yield stagnation, collapse in realization rates of genetic yield potential, and adverse changes in quality traits.…”

Section: Changes In Agronomic Practices Contributing To Yield Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static yields and quality issues: Is the agri-environment program the primary driver?

Peltonen‐Sainio

Salo

Jauhiainen

et al. 2015

Ambio

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The Finnish agri-environmental program (AEP) has been in operation for 20 years with [90 % farmer commitment. This study aimed to establish whether reduced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use has impacted spring cereal yields and quality based on comprehensive follow-up studies and long-term experiments. We found that the gap between genetic yield potential and attained yield has increased after the AEP was imposed. However, many contemporary changes in agricultural practices, driven by changes in prices and farm subsidies, also including the AEP, were likely reasons, together with reduced N, but not phosphorus use. Such overall changes in crop management coincided with stagnation or decline in yields and adverse changes in quality, but yield-removed N increased and residual N decreased. Further studies are needed to assess whether all the changes are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable, and acceptable, in the long run. The concept of sustainable intensification is worth considering as a means to develop northern European agricultural systems to combine environmental benefits with productivity.

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Quantifying the Limitation to World Cereal Production Due To Soil Phosphorus Status

Kvakić

Pellerin

Ciais

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth. Low P availability in soils is likely to limit crop yields in many parts of the world, but this effect has never been quantified at the global scale by process‐based models. Here we attempt to estimate P limitation in three major cereals worldwide for the year 2000 by combining information on soil P distribution in croplands and a generic crop model, while accounting for the nature of soil‐plant P transport. As a global average, the diffusion‐limited soil P supply meets the crop's P demand corresponding to the climatic yield potential, due to the legacy soil P in highly fertilized areas. However, when focusing on the spatial distribution of P supply versus demand, we found strong limitation in regions like North and South America, Africa, and Eastern Europe. Averaged over grid cells where P supply is lower than demand, the global yield gap due to soil P is estimated at 22, 55, and 26% in winter wheat, maize, and rice. Assuming that a fraction (20%) of the annual P applied in fertilizers is directly available to the plant, the global P yield gap lowers by only 5–10%, underlying the importance of the existing soil P supply in sustaining crop yields. The study offers a base for exploring P limitation in crops worldwide but with certain limitations remaining. These could be better accounted for by describing the agricultural P cycle with a fully coupled and mechanistic soil‐crop model.

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Phosphorus fertilization: A meta-analysis of 80 years of research in Finland

Cited by 97 publications

References 29 publications

Ecosystem change in the large and shallow Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi, Finland, during the past ~400 years: implications for management

Ecosystem change in the large and shallow Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi, Finland, during the past ~400 years: implications for management

Static yields and quality issues: Is the agri-environment program the primary driver?

Quantifying the Limitation to World Cereal Production Due To Soil Phosphorus Status

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