Phosphorus Concentrations in Plants Responsible for Inhibition of Mycorrhizal Infection

Menge, J. A.; Steirle, D.; Bagyaraj, D. J.; Johnson, E. L. V.; Leonard, Robert T.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb01589.x

Cited by 285 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Mycorrhizal fungi added to fumigated, steamed, or autoclaved soils have been shown to increase growth of citrus up to 108.9% [16]. In the present study, plants inoculated with different AMF treatments in field soil grew better in general compared with noninoculated plants; however, the differences were significant at all intervals of observation only with T 4 where the most effective and infective inoculum was the mixed one and T 2 (Gigaspora gigantia) was least effective and infective at the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Shamshiri

Usha

2012

ISRN Agronomy

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In a field experiment, three-year-old Kinnow trees budded on Jatti Katti (C. jambhiri) rootstock were inoculated by three different arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Glomus manihotis (T 1 ), Glomus mosseae (T 2 ), and Gigaspora gigantia (T 3 ), separately or in combination (T 4 ). Microscopic assessment of AM colonization on Kinnow roots showed a relatively lower level of infection by different species when inoculated separately than when inoculaed together. Application of AM improved growth parameters like plant height, canopy volume, mean leaf area, and number of new shoots per plant but had no effect on trunk diameter, number of leaf per new shoot and new shoot diameter. Flowering phenology was also altered by AM infection. The infected plants produced more flowers which despite abscission caused an increase in the initial number of fruits. AM inoculation increased plant phosphorous in T 3 , potassium in T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , calcium in T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and the AM-nutrient relationship did not reveal any generalized pattern. Inoculated plants, however, had higher concentration of different elements by the second year of the experiment indicating towards the continuous and cumulative effect of AM infection on plant nutrient accumulation. Further, the beneficial effects of AM on Kinnow were not related to the difference in the species of mycorrhiza.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Shamshiri

Usha

2012

ISRN Agronomy

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“…Later, Sanders (15) found that foliar application of P inhibited VAM infection of onion, demonstrating that P concentration within the host plays a more important role. Using a split-root technique, Menge et al (8) confirmed this finding when they established that the portion of the root system ' Abbreviation: VAM, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae.…”

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confidence: 91%

Membrane-Mediated Decrease in Root Exudation Responsible for Phorphorus Inhibition of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation

Graham¹,

Leonard²,

Menge³

1981

Plant Physiol.

438

205

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The mechanism responsible for phosphorus inhibition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) was investigated in a phosphorus-deficient sandy soil (0.5 micrograms phosphorus per gram soil) amended with increasing levels of phosphorus as superphosphate (0, 28, 56, 228 micrograms per gram soil). The root phosphorus content of 4-week-old plants was correlated with the amount of phosphorus added to the soil. Root exudation of amino acids and reducing sugars was greater for plants grown in phosphorus-deficient soil than for those grown in the phosphorus-treated soils. The increase in exudation corresponded with changes in membrane permeability of phosphorus-deflcient roots, as measured by K' (86Rb) efflux, rather than with changes in root content of reducing sugars and amino acids. The roots of phosphorus-deficient plants inoculated at 4 weeks with Glomusfascicuaww were 88% infected after 9 weeks as compared to less than 25% infection in phosphorus-sufficient roots; these differences were correlated with root exudation at the time of inoculation. For plants grown in phosphorusdeficient soil, infection by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae increased root phosphorus which resulted in a decrease in root membrane permeability and exudation compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. It is proposed that, under low phosphorus nutrition, increased root membrane permeability leads to net loss of metaboiltes at sufficient levels to sustain the germination and growth of the mycorrhizal fungus during pre-and postinfection. Subsequently, mycorrhizal infection leads to improvement of root phosphorus nutrition and a reduction in membrane-mediated loss of root metabolites.During the past 20 years, there has been a growing appreciation of the importance of VAM' in the improvement of plant growth through increased uptake of phosphorus (P) and other mineral nutrients, especially in soils of low fertility (5, 9). As evidence has mounted for the role of VAM in the enhancement of P uptake from P-deficient soils, it has also been recognized that high soil P levels severely limit VAM infection (9, 10).Early work failed to distinguish whether P was inhibiting the activity of the mycorrhizal fungus in the soil or during the hostfungus interaction (10,16 of sudangrass inoculated with Glomusfasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe only became heavily infected if the host was not receiving adequate P from the other half of the root system. It is now clear that the P content of the host plant is the critical factor controlling the mycorrhizal symbiosis.Ratnayake et al. (12) proposed that the mechanism of P control of VAM formation was associated with a membrane-mediated decrease in root exudation. They were able to correlate low P content of sudangrass and citrus roots with a decrease in phospholipid levels and a large increase in permeability of root membranes, which results in a greater net leakage of amino acids and sugars from the root. They suggested that under P-sufficient conditions, metabolites requi...

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“…Tiwari et al (1989) have found a higher effect of the inoculation of plants by P-solubilizing bacteria in soils deficient in available phosphorus. Many other authors (Menge et al 1978, Thomson et al 1986, Amijee et al 1989) demonstrated that the colonization of plant roots with VAM fungi was inhibited by higher mineral phosphate fertilization. In spite of many hypotheses, however, the mechanism of the colonization has not been yet sufficiently explained.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the P-solubilizing activity of soil microorganisms and its sensitivity to soluble phosphate

Mikanová¹,

Nováková²

2002

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Microbial solubilization of hardly soluble mineral phosphates in soil is an important process in natural ecosystems and in agricultural soils. Regulation of the P-solubilizing activity by the presence of soluble phosphates in medium was determined. For this reason we decided to test a number of soil bacteria showing a high P-solubilizing activity for its sensitivity to the presence of soluble dihydrogen potassium phosphate in medium. At these studies, the direct determination of the solubilized phosphate in medium was masked by the presence of relatively high concentrations of soluble phosphate added. Therefore, we have modified the method, determining the residual tricalcium phosphate. The effect of soluble phosphate in medium on the P-solubilizing activity of rhizosphere isolates and strains of Rhizobium were tested in liquid cultures with the addition of various concentrations of soluble KH 2 PO 4. The medium was filtered after incubation and the remaining tricalcium phosphate was separated by filtration. Filter papers with the remaining tricalcium phosphate were hydrolysed with 2N H 2 SO 4 . Phosphorus was determined spectrophotometrically. The P-solubilizing activity was expressed as a difference between the tricalcium phosphate added and its remainder after the incubation. These results fully confirmed that there exist the strains, whose P-solubilizing activity is inhibited and other strains, whose P-solubilizing activity is not inhibited or is inhibited very little in the presence of soluble phosphate. The use of our adapted method was much more suitable for this type of experiments.

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Phosphorus Concentrations in Plants Responsible for Inhibition of Mycorrhizal Infection

Cited by 285 publications

References 9 publications

Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Membrane-Mediated Decrease in Root Exudation Responsible for Phorphorus Inhibition of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation

Evaluation of the P-solubilizing activity of soil microorganisms and its sensitivity to soluble phosphate

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