Phosphorus Characterization and Contribution from Eroding Streambank Soils of Vermont's Lake Champlain Basin

Ishee, Eulaila R.; Ross, Donald S.; Garvey, K.; Bourgault, Rebecca R.; Ford, Charlotte R.

doi:10.2134/jeq2015.02.0108

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Land uses with higher TP concentrations in the interior had higher levels of TP in the streambank soils (Fig. 2a), although the streambank TP concentration for hay was below the 0‐ to 15‐cm riparian soil average found in nearby watersheds by Ishee et al (2015), and the corn streambank TP was only 13% higher than this average. We conclude that higher TP values of the streambank soils for agricultural sites relative to forest sites cannot unequivocally be assigned to the land use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Studies of native levels of TP in northeastern US parent material and soils, including in riparian soils within Vermont, point to concentrations of 600 to 800 mg TP kg −1 in soils relatively low in organic matter (Yang et al, 2013; Ishee et al, 2015; Young and Ross, 2016). For this study, we used three SDs above the average determined nearby by Ishee et al (2015), or 1172 mg kg −1 , to define a local soil that was elevated in TP (assumed to be derived from land management [manure or fertilizer additions]). The agricultural interior sites in our study appear to have legacy P that has nearly doubled the TP status (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Streambank erosion can be a significant source of watershed P export (Fox et al, 2016), with stream reaches with greater agricultural land use immediately adjacent to streambanks having greater P loss (Zaimes et al, 2008). Studies in mixed land use watersheds have reported contributions of streambank erosion to annual total P (TP) export to be in the range of 10 to 30% of all sources (Kronvang et al, 2012; Ishee et al, 2015), although that contribution can be >90% (Fox et al, 2016). In Vermont's Missisquoi River (a mixed land use subbasin of Lake Champlain), Langendoen et al (2012) found that >50% of the banks of the main stem and its tributaries were failing and estimated a 36% contribution to watershed TP export.…”

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Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

et al. 2019

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Watershed land use affects nutrient and sediment export, particularly through streambank erosion, which can add to P export and contribute to eutrophication in downstream waterbodies. We characterized P of soils from four different land uses (32 sites) along streams in the Missisquoi River basin (Vermont, USA)—silage corn (Zea mays L.), hay meadow, emergent wetlands, and forest—and their corresponding streambanks. We measured total P (TP), pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P, degree of P saturation (DPS), and soluble P. The latter three measurements were used as predictors of potential P bioavailability. Forest soils were relatively low in TP, whereas soils in corn, hay, and wetland were elevated (>1000 mg kg−1). With the exception of forests, the TP of the corresponding streambanks of each land use was statistically significantly lower than in the interior of the land use, while still higher than those in forests, suggesting a possible influence of land use on its adjacent streambank. The pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P was low in nonagricultural land uses and all streambanks of different land uses, but higher than optimum for soils in cornfields and hayfields. The DPS averaged 36% in the cornfields, but <21% in all of the streambanks. Mean soluble P was 0.14 mg kg−1 for corn‐ and hay‐associated streambanks with a DPS <10% but was as high as 3.2 mg kg−1 in the agricultural fields. The combination of low bioavailable P measurements indicates that most streambank soils are likely low contributors to P enrichment downstream. However, the elevated TP in some agricultural streambank soils suggests an accumulation of legacy P. Core Ideas Soil P concentrations varied widely among four watershed land uses. Agriculture and wetland streambank soils had less P than adjacent land uses. Streambank soils from the four different land uses had low P release potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

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“…Young et al (2012) also reported a wide range in riparian soil TP with low MM‐P. Ishee et al (2015) showed that central Vermont riparian sites had low average MM‐P and relatively low P saturation levels (estimated by the molar ratio of acid ammonium oxalate–extractable P to the sum of oxalate‐extractable Al and Fe) in surface and subsurface soils. Because MM‐P concentration is a good index of plant availability and is well correlated with extracts designed to estimate potential P release to runoff (Magdoff et al, 1999), orthophosphate release potential would also presumably be low, assuming aerobic soil conditions are maintained (Young and Ross, 2001; Young and Briggs, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Because MM‐P concentration is a good index of plant availability and is well correlated with extracts designed to estimate potential P release to runoff (Magdoff et al, 1999), orthophosphate release potential would also presumably be low, assuming aerobic soil conditions are maintained (Young and Ross, 2001; Young and Briggs, 2008). Based on low MM‐P‐Color and P sorption saturation, Ishee et al (2015) suggested eroded riparian stream bank soils could function as a net sink for phosphate in the watershed. Given that there are other sources of P in the Rock River watershed more enriched with P relative to the TP and MM‐P concentrations of the soils in the present study (e.g., P in overland runoff flows from crop fields), eroded stream bank soils would be expected to be a minor contributor of bioavailable P to the river based on their low MM‐P status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and Labile Phosphorus Concentrations as Influenced by Riparian Buffer Soil Properties

Young

Ross

2016

J. Environ. Qual.

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Riparian buffers can act as a phosphorus (P) source under active stream bank erosion. Using soil and landscape variables (soil series, drainage class, organic matter, and pH) to index P concentrations could improve P loss risk tools for buffers. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine if soil properties could predict total and labile P concentrations within a 10-ha riparian buffer and (ii) to quantify the degree of spatial dependence of P and related properties. Soil samples were taken in 15-cm increments to a depth of 60 cm using a grid ( = 71) from an established riparian buffer along the Rock River in Vermont. Total soil P (TP), plant-available P determined by Modified Morgan extraction (MM-P), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil texture, and select cations were measured. We found that TP (152-1536 mg P kg) and MM-P (0.4-14.6 mg kg) ranged widely, with distinct differences between soil series. Mean TP and MM-P were greater in alluvial and glaciolacustrine soils compared with glacial till. Across all samples, MM-P was weakly related to soil properties; however, total labile P (orthophosphate + organic P measured by ICP) and unreactive labile P (ICP-P - colorimetric-P) could both be predicted by SOM ( = 0.59 and 0.73, respectively). Strong spatial dependence was found for P and related properties as revealed by geospatial analyses. Results show that P availability in the buffer was strongly related to soil genesis and support site-specific approaches for P loss risk evaluation in buffers.

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Modeling sediment mobilization using a distributed hydrological model coupled with a bank stability model

Stryker

Wemple

Bomblies

2017

Water Resources Research

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In addition to surface erosion, stream bank erosion and failure contributes significant sediment and sediment‐bound nutrients to receiving waters during high flow events. However, distributed and mechanistic simulation of stream bank sediment contribution to sediment loads in a watershed has not been achieved. Here we present a full coupling of existing distributed watershed and bank stability models and apply the resulting model to the Mad River in central Vermont. We fully coupled the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) with the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) to allow the simulation of stream bank erosion and potential failure in a spatially explicit environment. We demonstrate the model's ability to simulate the impacts of unstable streams on sediment mobilization and transport within a watershed and discuss the model's capability to simulate watershed sediment loading under climate change. The calibrated model simulates total suspended sediment loads and reproduces variability in suspended sediment concentrations at watershed and subbasin outlets. In addition, characteristics such as land use and road‐to‐stream ratio of subbasins are shown to impact the relative proportions of sediment mobilized by overland erosion, erosion of roads, and stream bank erosion and failure in the subbasins and watershed. This coupled model will advance mechanistic simulation of suspended sediment mobilization and transport from watersheds, which will be particularly valuable for investigating the potential impacts of climate and land use changes, as well as extreme events.

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Phosphorus Characterization and Contribution from Eroding Streambank Soils of Vermont's Lake Champlain Basin

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

Total and Labile Phosphorus Concentrations as Influenced by Riparian Buffer Soil Properties

Modeling sediment mobilization using a distributed hydrological model coupled with a bank stability model

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