Phosphorus-Based Alloy Materials for Advanced Potassium-Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are interesting as one of the alternative metal-ion battery systems to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance and low cost of potassium. We have herein investigated SnP/C composite as a novel anode material for PIBs. The electrode delivered a reversible capacity of 384.8 mA h g at 50 mA g and a good rate capability of 221.9 mA h g, even at 1 A g. Its electrochemical performance is better than any anode material reported so far for PIBs. It was also found that the SnP/C electrode displays a discharge potential plateau of 0.1 V in PIBs, slightly higher than for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) (0.01 V), and well above the plating potential of metal. This diminishes the formation of dendrites during cycling, and thus SnP is a relatively safe anode material, especially for application in large-scale energy storage, where large amounts of electrode materials are used. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism of the SnP/C composite as PIB anode is proposed. This work may open up a new avenue for further development of alloy-based anodes with high capacity and long cycle life for PIBs.

Development of P3-K0.69CrO2 as an ultra-high-performance cathode material for K-ion batteries

“…S2, ESI †), electrochemical Na + /K + ionexchange was performed under K-metal|0.5 M KPF 6 in an ethylene carbonate (EC) : diethyl carbonate (DEC) = 1 : 1 (v/v)|O3-NaCrO 2 cell in the voltage range of 1.5-3.8 V (Fig. 1a) during 300 cycles.…”

“…been demonstrated to be comparable to the lithium intercalation chemistry of LIBs; thus, the established system for LIBs can be more smoothly transferred to KIBs than to other rechargeable batteries. 5,6 Reflecting on these situations, several positive and negative electrodes were introduced.…”

“…These remarkable structural changes from O3-NaCrO 2 to the K-ion intercalated structure, P3-K x CrO 2 , under K-metal|0.5 M KPF 6 in the EC:DEC = 1:1 (v/v)|NaCrO 2 cell, have not been previously reported. Hereafter, all the electrochemical tests (galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), cycling test and power capability test) on the P3-K x CrO 2 cathode were performed after refreshing the cell (replacing the electrolyte and K metal), K|0.5 M KPF 6 in EC : DEC = 1 : 1 (v/v)|P3-K x CrO 2 , because the K metal is largely deteriorated during the long electrochemical ion-exchange process. After refreshing the cell, View Article Online the P3-K x CrO 2 cathode delivered a high discharge capacity of B100 mA h g À1 at 0.1C rate (Fig.…”

One‐Step Construction of N,P‐Codoped Porous Carbon Sheets/CoP Hybrids with Enhanced Lithium and Potassium Storage

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Moreover, compared to transition-metal oxides and sulfides, TMPs indicate a relatively advantageous potential for lithium storage. [18] Nevertheless, TMPs appear to be insufficiently explored, possibly because of the lack of suitable and viable preparation methods. [18] Nevertheless, TMPs appear to be insufficiently explored, possibly because of the lack of suitable and viable preparation methods.…”

“…[5][6][7] As a significant family of functional materials, transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) can in principle possess much higher theoretical capacity based on conversion reaction mechanisms. [18] Nevertheless, TMPs appear to be insufficiently explored, possibly because of the lack of suitable and viable preparation methods. [17] Besides that, it is demonstrated that TMPs are also a member of burgeoning anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to the high theoretical capacity and the advantageous electronic conductivity over oxide counterparts.…”