Phosphorus

Olsen, S. R.; Sommers, L. E.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c24

Cited by 890 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Soil mineral N (NO 3 − -N + NO 2 − -N, hereafter NO 3 − -N, and NH 4 + -N) extracted with 1 M KCl was analyzed by continuous flow injection, as above. Available P was extracted with 0.5 M NaHCO 3 following the Olsen P method (Olsen and Sommers, 1982), and analyzed by the ascorbic acid reduction method with colorimetric readings made on a Cary Bio300 spectrophotometer (Varian). Finely ground (0.45 mm) plant material was also analyzed for C and N by dry combustion and subjected to HNO 3 , microwave digestion for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Vista Pro, CCD simultaneous ICP-OES spectrometer, Varian) analysis for P.…”

Section: Water Plant and Soil Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

et al. 2019

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Winter cover crops might reduce nutrient loss to leaching in the Upper Midwest. New oilseed‐bearing cash cover crops, such as winter camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), may provide needed incentives. However, the abilities of these crops to sequester labile soil nutrients are unknown. To address this unknown, N in shoot biomass, plant‐available N and P in soil, and NO3−–N and soluble reactive P in soil water collected from lysimeters placed at 30, 60, and 100 cm were measured in cover crop and fallow treatments established in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble and followed through a cover crop–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Five no‐till cover treatments (forage radish [Raphanus sativus L.], winter rye [Secale cereale L.], field pennycress, and winter camelina) were compared with two fallow treatments (chisel till and no‐till). Pennycress and winter camelina were harvested at maturity after relay sowing of soybean. Winter rye and radish sequestered more N in autumn shoot biomass, ranging from 26 to 38 kg N ha−1, but overwintering oilseeds matched or exceeded N uptake in spring, ranging 28 to 49 kg N ha−1 before soybean planting. Nitrogen uptake was reflected by reductions in soil water NO3−–N during cover crop and intercropping phases for all cover treatments (mean = 4 mg L−1), compared with fallow treatments (mean = 31 mg L−1). Cash cover crops like pennycress and winter camelina provide both environmental and potential economic resources to growers. They are cash‐generating crops able to sequester labile soil nutrients, which protects and promotes soil health from autumn through early summer. Core Ideas Alternative, easily established winter‐surviving covers are needed in the Upper Midwest. Cover crops sequestered N and reduced soil and soil water NO3−–N in autumn compared with fallow. Winter oilseed crops reduced soil water NO3−–N in autumn through soybean planting. Novel winter oilseeds provide environmental and economic incentives to enhance adoption.

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Section: Water Plant and Soil Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

et al. 2019

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“…for each restored zone. The analysed parameters in soil samples were as follows: particle size determined by sedimentation-Robinson pipette (Gee & Or, 2002), equivalent CaCO 3 by CO 2 volume released after HCl addition-Bernard calcimeter method (Nelson, 1982), electrical conductivity of 1:5 water extract (Rhoades, 1982), organic carbon content by acid dichromate oxidation (Nelson & Sommers, 1982), total nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method (Bremner & Mulvaney, 1982), available phosphorous-Olsen phosphorous (Olsen & Sommers, 1982) and potassium (Knudsen, Peterson, & Pratt, 1982), and heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis (Thomas, 2004). Geotechnical and soil degradation processes were estimated through direct measures and observations in the field, and erosion losses were estimated by measuring the rill volume.…”

Section: Evaluation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewage sludge as an organic amendment for quarry restoration: Effects on soil and vegetation

2018

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Quarry restoration in Mediterranean environments usually needs organic amendments to improve the substrates used for technosol construction. Digested sewage sludges from municipal wastewater treatment plants are rich in organic matter, N, and P and constitute an available and economically interesting alternative for substrate amendment. However, their pollutant burden and labile organic matter content involve an environmental risk that must be controlled. Moreover, ecological succession in restored areas can be influenced by the use of sludge and should be assessed. To minimize these risks, a new sewage sludge dose criterion relating to its labile organic matter and heavy metal content has been established. Sewage sludge doses currently range between 10 and 50 Mg ha−1. In order to verify the suitability of this dose criterion, 16 areas rehabilitated using sewage sludge located in limestone quarries in a Mediterranean climate in Catalonia (NE Spain) have been assessed. These evaluations focused on physicochemical properties of rehabilitated soils, land degradation processes, and ecological succession. In the short term, 6 months after sludge application, an increment of organic matter content in the restored soils was observed, without significant increases in electrical conductivity or heavy metals content, and with a dense plant cover that contributes to effective soil erosion control. Two years after, ruderal plants were still present but later successional species colonized the restored zones in different degrees. These results suggest that sewage sludge, used as a soil amendment according to the proposed methodology, can safely improve technosol quality without constraints that compromise ecological succession.

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“…This result is predicted if bicarbonate is affecting a fraction of soil P that increases in conjunction with the major pools of soil P. Principal Component 3 is largely associated with pH. Bicarbonate is known to solubilize P especially well in highpH soils, a fact utilized by the bicarbonate-based Olsen extraction method (Olsen and Sommers, 1982). The prediction that bicarbonate would be effective in increasing P concentration in high-pH soils was not borne out in our soil samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The soils were also characterized by their physical properties. Organic P was defined as the amount of P extractable in 0.5 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 after ignition of the soil at 550°C (Olsen and Sommers, 1982). Soil pH was measured with a surface electrode in a slurry of 2.5 parts distilled water after a 30-min equilibration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bicarbonate to High-Phosphorus Soils to Increase Plant-Available Phosphorus

Björkman

Reiners

2014

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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Phosphorus

Cited by 890 publications

References 75 publications

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

Reduced Potential for Nitrogen Loss in Cover Crop–Soybean Relay Systems in a Cold Climate

Sewage sludge as an organic amendment for quarry restoration: Effects on soil and vegetation

Application of Bicarbonate to High-Phosphorus Soils to Increase Plant-Available Phosphorus

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